Ice Temperature Characteristics of the Austre Lovénbreen Glacier in NY-Ålesund, Arctic Region

Ice temperature is one of the most important physical parameters, during the period from 2009 to 2011, observations of ice temperature were carried out on the Austre Lovénbreen glacier in the NY-Ålesund of the arctic region at the points B₂, E₂ and F, in the layer 20 m below the surface. Ice temperature curves at these three points showed a cold season in May and warm season in September. Below the 9 m depth,the ice temperature at the point E₂ was lower than that at points B2 and F. The lower boundary depth of active ice temperature layer at the three points was 14 m deep, with annual mean temperature of -2.76、-3.23 and -2.84℃. With increasing altitude, the lapse rate in the ice temperature at the 20 m depth (0.3℃·100 m^-1) was higher than that at 10m depth (0.15℃·100 m^-1). Ice temperatures at the 10m depth were higher than the calculated mean annual air temperatures by 1~4℃, demonstrating the impact of refreezing melted glacier surface water on the release of latent heat, causing increasing ice temperature.