Real Time Estimation of Electromagnetic Wave Refraction Bending Angles with Singular Ground-Based GPS

The traditional methods of calculating the bending angle are mainly radiosonde and model.Although the accuracy of bending angle calculation based on radiosonde is high,the radiosonde is unfit for real time application for its limitations such as inefficiency,high cost and great interval between adjacent observations.The model method is simple,but its accuracy is poor.The estimation of real time bending angles based on singular ground-based GPS is presented.The method can overcome radiosonde limitations and is fit for real time application.In order to validate the feasibility,an experiment of GPS and radiosonde is carried out on an island in Shantou,south China,and the observations of qingdao GPS station are disposed.Through results comparing between GPS and radiosonde,we find that the GPS results agree well with those of radiosonde,and are better than those of Hopfield model.