-
摘要: 重大突发灾害事故时有发生，给人民的生命财产安全带来了严重的威胁。应急疏散作为灾后应急响应的重要环节，对减少人员伤亡有着重要意义。经过长期发展，研究人员利用多种方式观察到了许多具有重要价值的疏散规律，也提出了多个优秀的模型方法。然而，应急疏散涉及到的灾害事故类型、受灾人群和应急场景等多样复杂，导致应急疏散模型的侧重点和方法论等各有不同，加大了读者对应急疏散研究现状的全局理解难度。从应急疏散行为分析、模拟仿真、策略优化、预案实施等多个角度对现有重大突发灾害事故下的应急疏散研究现状进行梳理、归纳与总结，旨在厘清一条清晰的应急疏散研究脉络。在此基础之上，进一步提炼出当前面临的主要难题与解决思路，服务于应急疏散的下一步发展。Abstract:Objectives Major disasters and accidents happened from time to time, posing serious threats to the people's lives, property, and sustainable developments of human social economy. As an important part of post?disaster emergency response, emergency evacuation makes great contributions to reducing casualties.With massive efforts of researchers from various domains for decades, many valuable patterns of evacuation were observed and excellent models have been proposed to develop the emergency evacuation theory and methodology. However, the disaster and accident types, affected people, and emergency scenarios embedded into emergency evacuations for major disasters and accidents are very complicated and diverse. As a result, the focuses and methodologies of emergency evacuation models are widely different, greatly increa?sing the difficulty of understanding its research status from a global perspective.Methods In order to solve this issue, we review and briefly criticize the literatures of emergency evacuation models from multiple perspectives, including emergency evacuation behavioral modeling, evacuation simulation, evacuation strategy optimization, implementation of emergency preparedness plans, and so on. By collecting, classifying, and summarizing current research status, a clear clue of emergency evacuation researches is presented.Results Within this classification system, the evacuation requirements of major disasters and accidents, evacuation behavioral characteristics, functions and application scenarios of evacuation models, advantages and disadvantages of evacuation models would be easily captured. Furthermore, the bottlenecks of current unsettled challenges, burgeoning high technology, and future directions are presented from the author's opinion for the next developments of emergency evacuation researches.Conclusions With these systematic and methodical introductions, readers can easily understand the evacuation models and their applicable scenarios from both global and local perspectives.
-
-
表 1 不同类型灾害特点
Table 1 Characteristics of Diverse Disasters
灾害类型 典型自然灾害与人为事故 影响区域 突发性 疏散紧急性 1 台风/洪涝/聚集性事件 大 低 中 2 地震/特大爆炸事件/安全生产事故/恐怖袭击事件 大 高 强 3 有毒气体泄漏/滑坡 中 高 强 4 建筑火灾 小 高 强 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Goodchild M. Data Modeling for Emergencies [M]//Cutter S L, Richardson D B, Wilbanks T J. Geographical Dimensions of Terrorism. New York: Routledge, 2003
[2] Shekhar S, Yang K, Gunturi V M, et al. Experiences with Evacuation Route Planning Algorithms[J]. In-ternational Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2012, 26(12): 2 253-2 265 doi: 10.1080/13658816.2012.719624
[3] 王静虹. 非常规突发情况下大规模人群疏散的不确定性研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2013 Wang Jinghong. Research on the Uncertainties of Large-Scale Crowd Evacuation Under Unconven-tional Emergencies[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2013
[4] 杜磊. 大规模开放空间应急疏散计算模型研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2012 Du Lei. The Research of a Computational Model for Large-Scale Open Space Emergency Evacuation [D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2012
[5] 袁千里. 人群拥挤踩踏事件原因与应急处置探究: 上海外滩迎新踩踏事件的反思[J]. 中国应急救援, 2015(2): 13-16 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJJY201502003.htm Yuan Qianli. Research on the Causes and Emergency Response of Crowd Stampede-Reflection on Stampede at the Shanghai Bund in the New Year's Eve[J]. China Emergency Rescue, 2015(2): 13-16 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJJY201502003.htm
[6] 林毓铭, 李瑾. 中国防灾减灾70年: 回顾与诠释[J]. 社会保障研究, 2019, 12(6): 27-43 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4802.2019.06.003 Lin Yuming, Li Jin. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China for 70 Years: Review and Interpretation[J]. Social Security Studies, 2019, 12(6): 27-43 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4802.2019.06.003
[7] He X, Tiefenbacher J, Samson E L. Hurricane Evacuation Behavior in Domestic and International College Students: The Influences of Environmental Familiarity, Expressed Hurricane Evacuation, and Personal Experience[J]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2007, 5(6): 61-69 doi: 10.5055/jem.2007.0034
[8] 陈曦. 人员疏散速度模型综述[J]. 安防科技, 2010(3): 46-48 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4237.2010.03.014 Chen Xi. A Review on Evacuation Speed Models [J]. Safety and Security Technology, 2010(3): 46-48 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4237.2010.03.014
[9] Bernardini G, Quagliarini E, D'Orazio M. Towards Creating a Combined Database for Earthquake Pedestrians' Evacuation Models[J]. Safety Science, 2016, 82: 77-94 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.09.001
[10] 李铮. 地铁车站紧急疏散客流行为的分析[J]. 中国新通信, 2018, 20(14): 157-158 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4866.2018.14.134 Li Zheng. Analysis of Emergency Evacuation of Passengers in Subway Stations[J]. China New Telecommunications, 2018, 20(14): 157-158 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4866.2018.14.134
[11] 魏星. 地震中人员疏散行为规律调查研究[J]. 武警学院学报, 2016, 32(10): 56-60 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2077.2016.10.014 Wei Xing. On Behavior Patterns of Human Evacuation in an Earthquake[J]. Journal of the Armed Police Academy, 2016, 32(10): 56-60 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2077.2016.10.014
[12] 何怡婧, 曾坚, 王子寒, 等. 高层学生宿舍火灾疏散模拟与逃生行为研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2013, 32(1): 15-18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2013.01.005 He Yijing, Zeng Jian, Wang Zihan, et al. Numerical Simulation of High-Rise Dormitory and the Psychological Behavior During the Fire Evacuation[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2013, 32(1): 15-18 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2013.01.005
[13] Cocking C, Drury J, Reicher S. The Psychology of Crowd Behaviour in Emergency Evacuations: Results from Two Interview Studies and Implications for the Fire and Rescue Services[J]. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 2009, 30: 59-74 doi: 10.1080/03033910.2009.10446298
[14] Fang J, El-Tawil S, Aguirre B. Leader-Follower Model for Agent Based Simulation of Social Collective Behavior During Egress[J]. Safety Science, 2016, 83: 40-47 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.11.015
[15] Shi L, Xie Q, Cheng X, et al. Developing a Database for Emergency Evacuation Model[J]. Building and Environment, 2009, 44(8): 1 724-1 729 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.11.008
[16] Kuligowski E, Peacock R, Wiess E, et al. Stair Evacuation of Older Adults and People with Mobility Impairments[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2013, 62: 230-237 doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.09.027
[17] Shields T J, Boyce K E, Silcock G W H. Facilities Management Disability and Emergency Evacuation [J]. Facilities, 1999, 17(9/10): 345-351 doi: 10.1108/02632779910278755
[18] Ehtamo H, Heliövaara S, Hostikka S, et al. Modeling Evacuees'Exit Selection with Best Response Dynamics[M]//Klingsch W, Rogsch C, Schadsch-neider A, et al. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010
[19] Kinateder M, Comunale B, Warren W H. Exit Choice in an Emergency Evacuation Scenario is Influenced by Exit Familiarity and Neighbor Behavior [J]. Safety Science, 2018, 106: 170-175 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2018.03.015
[20] Proulx G. Evacuation Planning for Occupants with Disability[R]. Fire Risk Management Program, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 2002
[21] Kinateder M, Warren W H. Social Influence on Evacuation Behavior in Real and Virtual Environments [J]. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 2016(3): 43 doi: 10.3389/frobt.2016.00043/pdf
[22] Kobes M, Helsloot I, De Vries B, et al. Building Safety and Human Behaviour in Fire: A literature Review[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2010, 45(1): 1-11 doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.08.005
[23] 汪秉宏, 周涛, 史冬梅. 应急疏散动力学研究的意义与进展[J]. 现代物理知识, 2016, 28(2): 50-56 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDWZ201602011.htm Wang Binghong, Zhou Tao, Shi Dongmei. The Significance and Progress of the Study on the Emergency Evacuation Dynamics[J]. Modern Physics, 2016, 28(2): 50-56 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDWZ201602011.htm
[24] Gu Z, Liu Z, Shiwakoti N, et al. Video-Based Analysis of School Students'Emergency Evacuation Behavior in Earthquakes[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2016, 18: 1-11 doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.05.008
[25] 侯团增. 某地铁站突发事件乘客疏散行为分析研究(2): 行为分析[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2015, 11(4): 128-134 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK201503033.htm Hou Tuanzeng. Study on Emergency Evacuation Behaviors of Passengers in a Subway Station(2): Behavior Analysis[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2015, 11(4): 128-134 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK201503033.htm
[26] 李军, 吴茜蒙. 紧急疏散下的人员行为及建模仿真[J]. 安全, 2015, 36(8): 13-16 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ANQU201508004.htm Li Jun, Wu Ximeng. Human Behavior and Modeling Simulation Under Emergency Evacuation[J]. Safety and Security, 2015, 36(8): 13-16 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ANQU201508004.htm
[27] Helbing D, Molnar P. Self-Organization Phenomena in Pedestrian Crowds[J]. Understanding Complex System, 1998(1): 569-577 http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/2409010.pdf
[28] Helbing D, Molnar P. Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics[J]. Physical Review E, 1995, 51(5): 4282 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4282
[29] Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T. Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic[J]. Nature, 2000, 407 (6 803): 487-490
[30] Helbing D, Isobe M, Nagatani T, et al. Lattice Gas Simulation of Experimentally Studied Evacuation Dynamics[J]. Physical Review E, 2003, 67 (6): 067101 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.067101
[31] Hoogendoom S P, Daamen W. Pedestrain Behavior at Bottlenecks[J]. Transportation Science, 2005, 39 (2): 147-159 doi: 10.1287/trsc.1040.0102
[32] 李楠, 王金环, 汪洋, 等. 事故中多出口场馆人员小团体行为疏散研究[J]. 计算机仿真, 2017, 34(6): 402-406 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2017.06.087 Li Nan, Wang Jinhuan, Wang Yang, et al. Small Group Behaviors in Emergency Evacuation of Multi-Exits Stadium[J]. Computer Simulation, 2017, 34(6): 402-406 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9348.2017.06.087
[33] 郑美容. 基于元胞自动机的人员疏散行为模拟研究[J]. 陕西理工学院学报(自然科学版), 2016, 32(2): 39-44 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2944.2016.02.009 Zheng Meirong. Simulation of Personnel Evacuation Based on Cellular Automaton Model[J]. Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2016, 32(2): 39-44 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2944.2016.02.009
[34] 吴秀敏, 蹇兆刚, 唐志伟, 等. 基于火灾监控视频的人员疏散行为统计分析[J]. 火灾科学, 2013, 22(1): 10-16 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2013.01.02 Wu Xiumin, Jian Zhaogang, Tang Zhiwei, et al. Statistics Analysis of Occupancy Behaviors Based on Video from a Real Fire Incident[J]. Fire Safety Science, 2013, 22(1): 10-16 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2013.01.02
[35] 郭良杰, 赵云胜. 基于元胞自动机模型的人员疏散行为模拟[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2014, 21(4): 101-106 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1556.2014.04.020 Guo LiangJie, Zhao Yunsheng. Simulation on Personnel Evacuation Behavior Based on Cellular Automata Model[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2014, 21(4): 101-106 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1556.2014.04.020
[36] 杨灿, 陈群, 陈璐. 考虑在能见度受限下行人跟随行为特性的建模与模拟[J]. 物理学报, 2019, 68(24): 87-101 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WLXB201924008.htm Yang Can, Chen Qun, Chen Lu. Modeling and Simulation of Following Behaviors of Pedestrians Under Limited Visibility[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(24): 87-101 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WLXB201924008.htm
[37] Parisi D R, Dorso C O. Morphological and Dynamical Aspects of the Room Evacuation Process[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applica-tions, 2007, 385: 343-355 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2007.06.033
[38] 陈长坤, 秦文龙, 童蕴贺, 等. 突发火灾下人员疏散心理及行为的调查与分析[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2018, 14(8): 35-40 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK201808006.htm Chen Changkun, Qin Wenlong, Tong Yunhe, et al. Investigation and Analysis on Evacuation Psychology and Behavior of Personnel Under Sudden Fire [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2018, 14(8): 35-40 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK201808006.htm
[39] 于水军, 谢高超, 潘荣锟, 等. 建筑火灾中残疾人安全疏散问题研究[J]. 教育教学论坛, 2020(4): 141-143 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYJU202004057.htm Yu Shuijun, Xie Gaochao, Pan Rongkun, et al. Study on the Safe Evacuation of Disabled Persons in Building Fire[J]. Education Teaching Forum, 2020 (4): 141-143 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JYJU202004057.htm
[40] 夏杨. 高层建筑火灾残疾人疏散分析研究[J]. 消防技术与产品信息, 2009(4): 66-67 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-784X.2009.04.021 Xia Yang. Research on Disabled Evacuation in High-Rise Building for Fire Disasters[J]. Fire Technique and Products Information, 2009(4): 66-67 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-784X.2009.04.021
[41] Aloi S, Rogers J. Evacuation and Life Safety Strategies for Super High Rise Buildings[J]. Building for the 21st Century: Technology, Livability, Productivity, 2001(1): 429-436 http://www.pfpa.com.au/docs/fse/8-evac_lifesafety-ndy-samaloi.pdf
[42] Xiong B, Luh P B, Chang S C. Group Elevator Scheduling with Advanced Traffic Information for Normal Operations and Coordinated Emergency Evacuation[C]//IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Barcelona, Spain, 2005
[43] Koo J, Kim Y S, Kim B I. Estimating the Impact of Residents with Disabilities on the Evacuation in a High-Rise Building: A Simulation Study[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2012, 24: 71-83 doi: 10.1016/j.simpat.2012.02.003
[44] 潘安平. 台风泥石流受灾区行动弱势者疏散避难行为决策因素分析[J]. 创新科技, 2015(2): 76-78 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0037.2015.02.023 Pan Anping. Analysis of Factors on Decision-Making Behavior of Evacuation for Vulnerable Groups under Typhoon-Mud Flow Disaster[J]. Innovation Science and Technology, 2015(2): 76-78 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0037.2015.02.023
[45] Clark-Carter D D, Heyes A D, Howarth C I. The Efficiency and Walking Speed of Visually Impaired People[J]. Ergonomics, 1986, 29(6): 779-789 doi: 10.1080/00140138608968314
[46] 孙晓丽, 张玉明. 商业购物空间人性化设计研究: 以生理弱势群体需求为例[D]. 济南: 山东建筑大学, 2007 Sun Xiaoli, Zhang Yuming. Humanized Design Research in Retail Space: To the Needs of the Disadvantaged as an Example[D]. Jinan: Shandong Jianzhu University, 2007
[47] Bendel J, Klüpfel H. Accessibility and Evacuation Planning: Similarities and Differences[M]//Peacock R, Kuligowski E, Averill J. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Boston, MA: Springer, 2011
[48] 钱洪伟, 尹香菊, 金英淑. 地震应急避难所灾时运营中弱势群体救助管理技术体系研究[J]. 灾害学, 2016, 31(2): 164-170 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2016.02.032 Qian Hongwei, Yin Xiangju, Jin Yingshu. Study on the Management Technical System of Aid of Vulnerable Groups in Earthquake Emergency Shelters During the Disaster[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2016, 31(2): 164-170 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2016.02.032
[49] 姜泽民. 大型医院火灾状况下安全疏散的研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2011 Jiang Zemin. Study on Safe Evacuation in Large Hospital Fires[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2011
[50] Christensen K, Sasaki Y. Agent-Based Emergency Evacuation Simulation with Individuals with Disabilities in the Population[J]. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2008, 11(3): 9-21 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/5140552_agent-based_emergency_evacuation_simulation_with_individuals_with_disabilities_in_the_population
[51] Manley M, Kim Y S, Christensen K, et al. Modeling Emergency Evacuation of Individuals with Disabilities in a Densely Populated Airport[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2011, 2 206(1): 32-38 doi: 10.3141/2206-05
[52] Jiang C S, Zheng S Z, Yuan F, et al. Experimental Assessment on the Moving Capabilities of Mobility-Impaired Disabled[J]. Safety Science, 2012, 50(4): 974-985 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.12.023
[53] 白雪岑, 耿中飞, 李兴莉. 基于元胞自动机的特殊人群疏散仿真研究[C]//第十七届北方七省市区力学学会学术会议, 河南, 焦作, 2018 Bai Xuecen, Geng Zhongfei, Li Xingli. Simulation of Special Population Evacuation Based on Cellular Automata[C]//The 17th Academic Conference of Mechanical Society in 7 Northern Provinces, Jiaozuo, Henan, China, 2018
[54] 李胜利, 魏东, 梁强. 基于数值仿真的地铁战人员疏散[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2012, 31(2): 149-152 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2012.02.012 Li Shengli, Wei Dong, Liang Qiang. Evacuation of Subway Based on Numerical Simulations[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2012, 31(2): 149-152 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2012.02.012
[55] 田玉敏. 高层建筑中特殊人群安全疏散问题的研究[J]. 消防技术与产品信息, 2009(9): 45-49 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-784X.2009.09.012 Tian Yumin. Study on Safe Evacuation of Special Population in High-Rise Buildings[J]. Fire Technique and Products Information, 2009(9): 45-49 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-784X.2009.09.012
[56] Soong G P, Lovie-Kitchin J E, Brown B. Preferred Walking Speed for Assessment of Mobility Performance: Sighted Guide Versus Non-sighted Guide Techniques[J]. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2000, 83(5): 279-282 doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2000.tb05017.x
[57] Kuyk T, Elliott J L, Fuhr P S. Visual Correlates of Mobility in Real World Settings in Older Adults with Low Vision[J]. Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 1998, 75(7): 538-547 doi: 10.1097/00006324-199807000-00023
[58] Kuligowski E, Peacock R, Wiess E, et al. Stair Evacuation of People with Mobility Impairments [J]. Fire and Materials, 2015, 39(4): 371-384 doi: 10.1002/fam.2247
[59] Shields T J. Fire and Disabled People in Buildings [J]. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 1994, 114(6): 304-308 doi: 10.1177/146642409411400605
[60] Rubadiri L, Ndumu D T, Roberts J P. Predicting the Evacuation Capability of Mobility-Impaired Occupants[J]. Fire Technology, 1997, 33(1): 32-53 doi: 10.1023/A:1015318311881
[61] Seike M, Kawabata N, Hasegawa M. Experiments of Evacuation Speed in Smoke-Filled Tunnel[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2016, 53: 61-67 doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.003
[62] Boyce K E, Shields T J, Silcock G W H. Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Capabilities of Disabled People Moving Horizontally and on an Incline[J]. Fire Technology, 1999, 35(1): 51-67 doi: 10.1023/A:1015339216366
[63] Samoshin D A, Istratov R N. The Parameters of Pedestrian Flows in Hospital During Fire Evacuation [C]//The 13th International Conference and Exhibition on Fire Science and Engineering, Nr Windsor, UK, 2013
[64] Hemingway L, Priestley M. Natural Hazards, Human Vulnerability and Disabling Societies: A Disaster for Disabled People?[J]. Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2006, 2(3): 57-67 http://www.rds.hawaii.edu/ojs/index.php/journal/article/download/337/1037
[65] Spence P R, Lachlan K, Burke J M, et al. Media Use and Information Needs of the Disabled During a Natural Disaster[J]. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 2007, 18(2): 394-404 doi: 10.1353/hpu.2007.0047
[66] Lena K, Kristin A, Staffan B, et al. How do People with Disabilities Consider Fire Safety and Evacuation Possibilities in Historical Buildings?A Swedish Case Study[J]. Fire Technology, 2012, 48(1): 27-41 doi: 10.1007/s10694-010-0199-0
[67] Sørensen J G, Dederichs A S. Evacuation Charac-teristics of Visually Impaired People: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study[J]. Fire and Materials, 2015, 39(4): 385-395 doi: 10.1002/fam.2200
[68] Hou L, Liu J G, Pan X, et al. A Social Force Evacuation Model with the Leadership Effect[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2014, 400: 93-99 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2013.12.049
[69] Xu M, Wu Y, Lv P, et al. miSFM: On Combination of Mutual Information and Social Force Model Towards Simulating Crowd Evacuation[J]. Neurocomputing, 2015, 168: 529-537 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.05.074
[70] Liu Q. A Social Force Model for the Crowd Evacuation in a Terrorist Attack[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2018, 502: 315-330 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2018.02.136
[71] 张鑫龙, 陈秀万, 李怀瑜, 等. 一种改进元胞自动机的人员疏散模型[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2017, 42(9): 1 330-1 336 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20150763 Zhang Xinlong, Chen Xiuwan, Li Huaiyu, et al. An Improved Cellular Automata Model for Simulating Pedestrian Evacuation[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017, 42(9): 1 330-1 336 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20150763
[72] Li Y, Chen M, Dou Z, et al. A Review of Cellular Automata Models for Crowd Evacuation[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2019, 526: 120752 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2019.03.117
[73] Muramatsu M, Irie T, Nagatani T. Jamming Transition in Pedestrian Counter Flow[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 1999, 267(3/4): 487-498 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437199000187
[74] Kirchner A, Schadschneider A. Simulation of Evacuation Processes Using a Bionics-Inspired Cellular Automaton Model for Pedestrian Dynamics[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2002, 312(1/2): 260-276 http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3836/6d4a879b8c33a4d71daaa2bcfa02b0ca40d0.pdf
[75] Guo R Y, Huang H J. Route Choice in Pedestrian Evacuation: Formulated Using a Potential Field[J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2011(4): P04018 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hai_Jun_Huang2/publication/230936888_Route_choice_in_pedestrian_evacuation_Formulated_using_a_potential_field/links/5587ef1608aef58c03a07632/Route-choice-in-pedestrian-evacuation-Formulated-using-a-potential-field.pdf
[76] Georgoudas I G, Kyriakos P, Sirakoulis G C, et al. An FPGA Implemented Cellular Automaton Crowd Evacuation Model Inspired by the Electrostatic̠-Induced Potential Fields[J]. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 2010, 34(7/8): 285-300
[77] Zhang P, Jian X X, Wong S C, et al. Potential Field Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Flow [J]. Physical Review E, 2012, 85(2): 021119 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.021119
[78] Kasereka S, Kasoro N, Kyamakya K, et al. Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation for Evacuation of People from a Building in Case of Fire[J]. Procedia Computer Science, 2018, 130: 10-17 doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.006
[79] Tan L, Hu M, Lin H. Agent-Based Simulation of Building Evacuation: Combining Human Behavior with Predictable Spatial Accessibility in a Fire Emergency[J]. Information Sciences, 2015, 295: 53-66 doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2014.09.029
[80] 江雨燕, 刘军. 突发火灾环境的群体疏散问题研究综述[J]. 南阳理工学院学报, 2017, 9(6): 24-29 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5132.2017.06.005 Jiang Yuyan, Liu Jun. Review on the Group Evacuation Research in Sudden Fire[J]. Journal of Nanyang Institute of Technology, 2017, 9(6): 24-29 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5132.2017.06.005
[81] Shi J, Ren A, Chen C. Agent-Based Evacuation Model of Large Public Buildings Under Fire Conditions[J]. Automation in Construction, 2009, 18 (3): 338-347 doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2008.09.009
[82] 陈鹏, 王晓璇, 刘妙龙. 基于多智能体与GIS集成的体育场人群疏散模拟方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2011, 36 (2): 133-139 http://ch.whu.edu.cn/article/id/446 Chen Peng, Wang Xiaoxuan, Liu Miaolong. A Simulation Method for Sports Grounds Evacuation Based on Integration of Multi-Agent System and GIS[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2011, 36(2): 133-139 http://ch.whu.edu.cn/article/id/446
[83] 魏明, 杨方廷, 曹正清. 交通仿真的发展及研究现状[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2003(8): 1 179-1 183 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2003.08.036 Wei Ming, Yang Fangting, Cao Zhengqing. A Review of Development and Study on the Traffic Simulation[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2003(8): 1 179-1 183 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-731X.2003.08.036
[84] Alsnih R, Stopher P R. Review of Procedures Associated with Devising Emergency Evacuation Plans [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2004, 1 865 (1): 89-97 doi: 10.3141/1865-13
[85] 宗欣露, 熊盛武, 方志祥. 基于蚁群算法的人车混合疏散优化及混合比例分析[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2012, 32(7): 1 610-1 617 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6788.2012.07.028 Zong Xinlu, Xiong Shengwu, Fang Zhixiang. Optimization and Proportion Analysis of Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Evacuation Based on Ant Colony Algorithm[J]. Systems Engineering Theory and Practice, 2012, 32(7): 1 610-1 617 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6788.2012.07.028
[86] Ren G, Zhou Z, Wang W, et al. Crossing Behaviors of Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections: Observational Study and Survey in China[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2011, 2 264(1): 65-73 doi: 10.3141/2264-08
[87] Jiang R, Wu Q S. Interaction Between Vehicle and Pedestrians in a Narrow Channel[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2006, 368(1): 239-246 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2005.12.071
[88] Jiang R, Wu Q S. Pedestrian Behaviors in a Lattice Gas Model with Large Maximum Velocity[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2007, 373: 683-693 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2006.06.006
[89] Ishaque M M, Noland R B. Trade-Offs Between Vehicular and Pedestrian Traffic Using Micro-simulation Methods[J]. Transport Policy, 2007, 14(2): 124-138 doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.11.001
[90] Zhang X, Chang G L. Optimal Control Strategies for Massive Vehicular-Pedestrian Mixed Flows in the Evacuation Zone[C]//The 89th Transportation Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington DC, USA, 2010
[91] Zhang X, Chang G L. Cellular Automata-Based Model for Simulating Vehicular-Pedestrian Mixed Flows in a Congested Network[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2011, 2 234(1): 116-124 doi: 10.3141/2234-13
[92] Zhang J, Wang H, Li P. Cellular Automata Modeling of Pedestrian ? s Crossing Dynamics[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, 2004, 5(7): 835-840 doi: 10.1631/jzus.2004.0835
[93] 金美莲. 城市突发公共事件下混合流疏散问题研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2008 Jin Meilian. Mixed Traffic Flow Evacuation in City Emergency[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2008
[94] Di Mauro M, Lees M, Megawati K, et al. Pedestrian-Vehicles Interaction During Evacuation: Agent-Based Hybrid Evacuation Modelling of Southeast Asian Cities[M]//Weidmann U, Kirsch U, Schre-ckenberg M. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012. Cham: Springer, 2014
[95] 陈文晓. 基于元胞自动机的人车混合疏散建模与仿真研究[D]. 福州: 福州大学, 2016 Chen Wenxiao. The Research on Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Evacuation Based on Cellular Automata[D]. Fuzhou: Fuzhou University, 2016
[96] Esteban M, Valenzuela V P, Yun N Y, et al. Typhoon Haiyan 2013 Evacuation Preparations and Awareness[J]. International Journal of Sustainable Future for Human Security, 2015, 3(1): 37-45 doi: 10.24910/jsustain/3.1/3745
[97] Zhang J, Zhou C, Xu K, et al. Flood Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation in China[J]. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 2002, 4(2): 33-43 http://iri.columbia.edu/~joexu/paper/envhazard.pdf
[98] 张明洁, 张京红, 张亚杰, 等. 海南台风灾害实时评估分析: 以1816号台风"贝碧嘉"为例[J]. 海南大学学报自然科学版, 2019, 37(3): 239-246 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDK201903008.htm Zhang Mingjie, Zhang Jinghong, Zhang Yajie, et al. Assessment of Typhoon Disaster in Hainan Based on Extension Theory: A Case Study of the Typhoon 1816"Bebinca"[J]. Natural Science Journal of Hainan University, 2019, 37(3): 239-246 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNDK201903008.htm
[99] D'Orazio M, Spalazzi L, Quagliarini E, et al. Agent-Based Model for Earthquake Pedestrians' Evacuation in Urban Outdoor Scenarios: Behavioural Patterns Definition and Evacuation Paths Choice[J]. Safety Science, 2014, 62: 450-465 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.09.014
[100] Li J, Zhang B, Liu W, et al. Research on OREMS-Based Large-Scale Emergency Evacuation Using Vehicles[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2011, 89(5): 300-309 doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2011.06.002
[101] 唐飞, 何清, 朱孔金, 等. 火灾情况下某城市地铁换乘站内大规模人群疏散特征研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2018, 18(4): 1 419-1 426 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AQHJ201804032.htm Tang Fei, He Qing, Zhu Kongjin, et al. Simulated Study on the Emergency Evacuation Control Features of the Massive Crowd in Some Subway Transfer Station[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2018, 18(4): 1 419-1 426 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AQHJ201804032.htm
[102] Cuesta A, Abreu O, Balboa A, et al. Real-Time Evacuation Route Selection Methodology for Complex Buildings[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2017, 91: 947-954 doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.04.011
[103] Kim J M, Son K, Kim Y J. Assessing Regional Typhoon Risk of Disaster Management by Clustering Typhoon Paths[J]. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2019, 21(5): 2 083-2 096 doi: 10.1007/s10668-018-0086-2
[104] Xu H, Ma C, Lian J, et al. Urban Flooding Risk Assessment Based on an Integrated k-means Cluster Algorithm and Improved Entropy Weight Method in the Region of Haikou, China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 563: 975-986 doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.060
[105] Erdik M. Earthquake Risk Assessment[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 15(12): 5 055-5 092 doi: 10.1007/s10518-017-0235-2
[106] Wu Y J, Tian H, Si Q M, et al. Uncretainty Analysis on Parameters for Risk of Toxic Gas Leakage and Diffusion[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2016, 12(4): 138-142 http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK201604030.htm
[107] Watts J M, Hall J R. Introduction to Fire Risk Analysis[M]//Hurley M J. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. New York: Springer, 2016
[108] Choi M, Chi S. Optimal Route Selection Model for Fire Evacuations Based on Hazard Prediction Data [J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2019, 94: 321-333 doi: 10.1016/j.simpat.2019.04.002
[109] Wang J, Zhang L, Shi Q, et al. Modeling and Simulating for Congestion Pedestrian Evacuation with Panic[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2015, 428: 396-409 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.057
[110] Richardson O, Jalba A, Muntean A. Effects of Environment Knowledge in Evacuation Scenarios Involving Fire and Smoke: A Multiscale Modelling and Simulation Approach[J]. Fire Technology, 2019, 55(2): 415-436 doi: 10.1007/s10694-018-0743-x
[111] Choi M, Park M, Lee H S, et al. Understanding the Role of Dynamic Risk Perception During Fire Evacuations Using Agent-Based Modeling[C]// Construction Research Congress 2016, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA, 2016
[112] Bukowski R W. Emergency Egress Strategies for Buildings[C]//The 11th Interflam, London, England, 2007
[113] Choi J, Hwang H, Hong W. Predicting the Probability of Evacuation Congestion Occurrence Relating to Elapsed Time and Vertical Section in a High-Rise Building[M]//Peacock R, Kuligowski E, Averill J. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Boston, MA: Springer, 2011
[114] Chen P H, Feng F. A Fast Flow Control Algorithm for Real-Time Emergency Evacuation in Large Indoor Areas[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2009, 44(5): 732-740 doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.02.005
[115] Li J, Zhu H. A Risk-Based Model of Evacuation Route Optimization Under Fire[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2018, 211: 365-371 doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.12.024
[116] Li D, Han B. Behavioral Effect on Pedestrian Evacuation Simulation Using Cellular Automata[J]. Safety Science, 2015, 80: 41-55 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.07.003
[117] Hartama D, Mawengkang H, Zarlis M, et al. A Research Framework of Disaster Traffic Management to Smart City[C]//The Second International Conference on Informatics and Computing, Jayapura, Indonesia, 2017
[118] Mohamed R E, Kosba E, Mahar K, et al. A Framework for Emergency-Evacuation Planning Using GIS and DSS[M]//Popovich V, Schrenk M, Thill J C, et al. Information Fusion and Intelligent Geographic Information Systems. Cham: Springer, 2018
[119] Kim K, Pant P, Yamashita E. Integrating Travel Demand Modeling and Flood Hazard Risk Analysis for Evacuation and Sheltering[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2018, 31: 1 177-1 186 doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.10.025
[120] Murray-Tuite P, Wolshon B. Evacuation Transportation Modeling: An Overview of Research, Development, and Practice[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2013, 27: 25-45 doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.11.005
[121] Jiang J, Yue Y, He S. Multimodal-Transport Collaborative Evacuation Strategies for Urban Serious Emergency Incidents Based on Multi-Sources Spatiotemporal Data[C]//The 10th International Conference on Geographic Information Science, Melbourne, Australia, 2018
[122] Wang Z, Lai C, Chen X, et al. Flood Hazard Risk Assessment Model Based on Random Forest[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2015, 527: 1 130-1 141 doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.008
[123] 宋城城, 李梦雅, 王军, 等. 基于复合情景的上海台风风暴潮灾害危险性模拟及其空间应对[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(12): 1 692-1 703 doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.12.013 Song Chengcheng, Li Mengya, Wang Jun, et al. Simulation of Typhoon Storm Surge Impacts in Shanghai Based on Storm Surge Scenarios and Disaster Prevention Measures[J]. Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(12): 1 692-1 703 doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.12.013
[124] Sene K. Flood Warning, Forecasting and Emergency Response[M]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Science and Business Media, 2008
[125] Stephenson V, Finlayson A, Morel L M. A Risk-Based Approach to Shelter Resilience Following Flood and Typhoon Damage in Rural Philippines [J]. Geosciences, 2018, 8(2): 76 doi: 10.3390/geosciences8020076
[126] Sherali H D, Carter T B, Hobeika A G. A Location-Allocation Model and Algorithm for Evacuation Planning Under Hurricane/Flood Conditions[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 1991, 25(6): 439-452 doi: 10.1016/0191-2615(91)90037-J
[127] Gudishala R, Wilmot C. Comparison of Time-Dependent Sequential Logit and Nested Logit for Modeling Hurricane Evacuation Demand[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2012, 2 312(1): 134-140 doi: 10.3141/2312-14
[128] 张钊. 可预知灾难性事件下城市群应急交通疏散模型及分析[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2013 Zhang Zhao. Application of Traffic Simulation for Mega Region Evacuation Traffic Analysis Under Predictable Emergency[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2013
[129] 沈航, 李梦雅, 王军. 风暴洪水灾害应急疏散方法研究: 以浙江省玉环县为例[J]. 地理与地理信息科学, 2016, 32(1): 122-127 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0504.2016.01.023 Shen Hang, Li Mengya, Wang Jun. Emergency Evacuation Method for Strom Surge Floods: A Case Study in Yuhuan, Zhejiang[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2016, 32(1): 122-127 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0504.2016.01.023
[130] Southworth F. Regional Evacuation Modeling: A State of the Art Reviewing[J]. Oak Ridge National Labs, 1991, 11(5): 511-521
[131] Lim H R, Lim M B B, Piantanakulchai M. Determinants of Household Flood Evacuation Mode Choice in a Developing Country[J]. Natural Hazards, 2016, 84(1): 507-532 doi: 10.1007/s11069-016-2436-4
[132] Vermuyten H, Beliën J, De Boeck L, et al. A Review of Optimisation Models for Pedestrian Evacuation and Design Problems[J]. Safety Science, 2016, 87: 167-178 doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.04.001
[133] Goerigk M, Deghdak K, Heßler P. A Comprehensive Evacuation Planning Model and Genetic Solution Algorithm[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2014, 71: 82-97 doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2014.08.007
[134] Parr S A, Kaisar E. Critical Intersection Signal Optimization During Urban Evacuation Utilizing Dynamic Programming[J]. Journal of Transportation Safety and Security, 2011, 3(1): 59-76 doi: 10.1080/19439962.2011.532297
[135] Han L D, Yuan F, Urbanik T. What is an Effective Evacuation Operation?[J]. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 2007, 133(1): 3-8 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2007)133:1(3)
[136] 孟永昌, 杨赛霓, 史培军. 基于改进遗传算法的路网应急疏散多目标优化[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2014, 39(2): 201-205 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20120584 Meng Yongchang, Yang Saini, Shi Peijun. Multi-objective Optimization of Emergency Evacuation Using Improved Genetic Algorithm[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39 (2): 201-205 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20120584
[137] Sheffi Y. Equilibrium Analysis with Mathematical Programming Methods[D]. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1985
[138] Bayram V, Tansel B Ç, Yaman H. Compromising System and User Interests in Shelter Location and Evacuation Planning[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2015, 72: 146-163 doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2014.11.010
[139] Andem S K. A Comparative Analysis of Hurricane Evacuation Traffic Conditions Using Static and Dynamic Traffic Assignments[D]. Louisiana: Louisiana State University, 2006
[140] Daganzo C. The Cell Transmission Model Part I: A Simple Dynamic Representation of Higheay Traffic [J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 1994, 28(4): 269-287 doi: 10.1016/0191-2615(94)90002-7
[141] Daganzo C F. The Cell Transmission Model, Part Ⅱ: Network Traffic[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 1995, 29(2): 79-93 doi: 10.1016/0191-2615(94)00022-R
[142] Jiang J, Dellaert N, van Woensel T, et al. Modelling Traffic Flows and Estimating Road Travel Times in Transportation Network Under Dynamic Disturbances[J]. Transportation, 2020, 47: 2 951-2 980 doi: 10.1007/s11116-019-09997-3
[143] Barrett B, Ran B, Pillai R. Developing a Dynamic Traffic Management Modeling Framework for Hurricane Evacuation[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2000, 1 733(1): 115-121 doi: 10.3141/1733-15
[144] Pel A J, Hoogendoorn S P, Bliemer M C. Impact of Variations in Travel Demand and Network Supply Factors for Evacuation Studies[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2010, 2 196(1): 45-55 doi: 10.3141/2196-05
[145] Pel A J, Bliemer M C J, Hoogendoorn S P. A Review on Travel Behaviour Modeling in Dynamic Traffic Simulation Models for Evacuations[J]. Transportation, 2012, 39(1): 97-123 doi: 10.1007/s11116-011-9320-6
[146] Jiang J, Wu L. A New Dynamic Network Flow Algorithm Using Base State Amendment Model for Emergency Response[J]. Transactions in GIS, 2017, 21(6): 1 179-1 203 doi: 10.1111/tgis.12271
[147] 潘述亮, 俞洁, 刘玥. 行人-公交紧急疏散集成优化模型[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2014, 14(3): 79-86 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2014.03.016 Pan Shuliang, Yu Jie, Liu Yue. Integrated Optimization Model of Pedestrian-Public Transit Emergency Evacuation[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2014, 14(3): 79-86 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2014.03.016
[148] 刘小明, 胡红. 应急交通疏散研究现状与展望[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2008(3): 108-115 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2008.03.023 Liu Xiaoming, Hu Hong. Research Status and Prospect of Emergency Transportation Evacuation[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2008(3): 108-115 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2008.03.023
[149] 李思寰, 陈钢铁. 灾害大规模混合应急疏散研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(12): 133-137 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZAQK201212021.htm Li Sihuan, Chen Gangtie. Study on Large-Scale Mixed Emergency Evacuation After Disaster[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2012, 22(12): 133-137 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZAQK201212021.htm
[150] Zong X, Xiong S, Fang Z. A Conflict-Congestion Model for Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Evacuation Based on Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm[J]. Computers and Operations Research, 2014, 44: 1-12 doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2013.10.015
[151] 宗欣露. 多目标人车混合时空疏散模型研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2011 Zong Xinlu. Research on Multi-objective Spatialtemperal Evacuation Model of Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Traffic Flow[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2011
[152] Zong X, Jiang Y. Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Evacuation Model Based on Multi-Particle Swarm Optimization[C]//The 11th International Conference on Computer Science and Education, Nagoya, Japan, 2016
[153] Zong X, Wang C, Chen H. An Evacuation Model Based on Co-Evolutionary Multi-particle Swarms Optimization for Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Traffic Flow[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2017, 28(12): 1750142 doi: 10.1142/S012918311750142X
[154] Li Q, Fang Z, Li Q. Ant Colony Based Evacuation Route Optimization Model for Mixed Pedestrian-Vehicle Flows[C]//The Sixth International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Zurich, Switzerland, 2012
[155] Liu M, Xiong S, Li B. Dynamic Route Guidance Strategy in a Two-Route Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Traffic Flow System[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2016, 27(9): 1650099 doi: 10.1142/S0129183116500996
[156] Zhang X, Chang G L. An Optimization Model for Guiding Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Flows During an Emergency Evacuation[J]. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2014, 18(3): 273-285 doi: 10.1080/15472450.2013.824763
[157] Duan P, Xiong S, Yang C, et al. Personalized Route Planning System Based on Wardrop Equilibrium Model for Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Evacuation in Campus[J]. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 2016, 31: 14-22 doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2016.08.002
[158] Fang Z, Li Q, Li Q, et al. A Space-Time Efficiency Model for Optimizing Intra-Intersection Vehicle-Pedestrian Evacuation Movements[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2013, 31: 112-130 doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2013.03.004
[159] Wood N, Jones J, Peters J, et al. Pedestrian Evacuation Modeling to Reduce Vehicle Use for Distant Tsunami Evacuations in Hawaii[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2018, 28: 271-283 doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.009
[160] Villalobos J, Chiu Y C, Zheng H, et al. Modeling and Solving Optimal Evacuation Destination-Route-Flow-Staging Problem for No-notice Extreme Events [C]//Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting, Washington DC, USA, 2006
[161] Parr A R. Disasters and Disabled Persons: An Examination of the Safety Needs of a Neglected Minority [J]. Disasters, 1987, 11(2): 148-159 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1987.tb00629.x
[162] Manley M, Kim Y S. Modeling Emergency Evacuation of Individuals with Disabilities (Exitus): An Agent-Based Public Decision Support System[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2012, 39(9): 8 300-8 311 doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.169
[163] 邢烨炯, 万杰. 兼顾弱势群体疏散的楼梯间无障碍设计研究[J]. 住宅科技, 2017(11): 21-24 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0454.2017.11.005 Xing Yejiong, Wan Jie. Study on Barrier-Free Design of Stairwell Paying Attention to Evacuation of Vulnerable Groups[J]. Housing Science, 2017(11): 21-24 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0454.2017.11.005
[164] 田玉敏. 特殊人群疏散行为及疏散设计的研究[J]. 灾害学, 2013, 28(3): 91-94 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2013.03.017 Tian Yumin. Study on Evacuation Behaviors of the Special Growd and the Evacuation Design for Them [J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2013, 28(3): 91-94 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2013.03.017
[165] 李鑫. 面向残疾人使用的公共建筑无障碍设计研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2007 Li Xin. The Research on the Barrier-Free Design for the Disabled in Public Buildings[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2007
[166] Robertson B S, Dunne C. Wayfinding for Visually Impaired Users of Public Buildings[J]. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 1998, 92(5): 349-354 doi: 10.1177/0145482X9809200514
[167] Luo M, Wong K H L. Evacuation Strategy for Super Highrise Building[C]. The 5th Annual Seminar on Tall Building Construction and Maintenance, Hong Kong, China, 2006
[168] Proulx G, Heyes E, Hedman G, et al. The Use of ELEVATORS for Egress[C]. The 4th International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire, Cambridge, UK, 2009
[169] Williamson B J, Demirbilek N. Use of Lifts and Refuge Floors for Fire Evacuation in High Rise Apartment Buildings[C]//The 44th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association, Auckland, New Zealand, 2010
[170] Koo J, Kim Y S, Kim B I, et al. A Comparative Study of Evacuation Strategies for People with Disabilities in High-Rise Building Evacuation[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2013, 40(2): 408-417 doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.07.017
[171] McGuire L C, Ford E S, Okoro C A. Natural Disasters and Older US Adults with Disabilities: Implications for Evacuation[J]. Disasters, 2007, 31(1): 49-56 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.00339.x
[172] Arai K. Rescue System with Vital Sign, Location and Attitude Sensing Together with Traffic Condition, Readiness of Helper Monitoring in Particular for Disabled and Elderly Persons[C]//The 11th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2014
[173] Arai K, Sang T, Uyen N. Task Allocation Model for Rescue Disabled Persons in Disaster Area with Help of Volunteers[J]. International Journal of Ad-vanced Computer Science and Applications, 2012, 3 (7): 96-101 http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3fe4/3600358ba68029e4337834d7c5d62be52970.pdf
[174] 张森, 曾坚, 刘晓阳, 等. 视觉障碍人群在紧急状态下的疏散模型研究[J]. 灾害学, 2018, 33(3): 69-73 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2018.03.014 Zhang Sen, Zeng Jian, Liu Xiaoyang, et al. A Research on Emergency Evacuation Mode of Visually Impaired People[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2018, 33(3): 69-73 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2018.03.014
[175] Li Q, Zhong S, Fang Z, et al. Optimizing Mixed Pedestrian-Vehicle Evacuation via Adaptive Network Reconfiguration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2020, 21(3) : 1 023-1 033 doi: 10.1109/TITS.2019.2900754
[176] 李秋萍, 栾学晨, 周素红, 等. 利用反向流和冲突消除进行人车混行疏散路网优化[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2018, 43(3): 349-355 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20150482 Li Qiuping, Luan Xuechen, Zhou Suhong, et al. Evacuation Network Optimization Based on Contraflow and Conflict Elimination for Pedestrian-Vehicle Mixed Flows[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2018, 43(3): 349-355 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20150482
[177] Xie C, Waller S T, Kockelman K M. Intersection Origin-Destination Flow Optimization Problem for Evacuation Network Design[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2011, 2 234(1): 105-115 doi: 10.3141/2234-12
[178] Thompson R R, Garfin D R, Silver R C. Evacuation from Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review of the Literature[J]. Risk Analysis, 2017, 37(4): 812-839 doi: 10.1111/risa.12654
[179] LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G. Deep Learning[J]. Nature, 2015, 521(7 553): 436-444 doi: 10.1038/nature14539
[180] Goodfellow I, Bengio Y, Courville A. Deep learning [M]. Cambridge: MIT press, 2016
[181] Aggarwal J K, Ryoo M S. Human Activity Analysis: A Review[J]. ACM Computing Surveys, 2011, 43(3): 1-43
[182] 蔡强, 邓毅彪, 李海生, 等. 基于深度学习的人体行为识别方法综述[J]. 计算机科学, 2020, 47(4): 85-93 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJA202004014.htm Cai Qiang, Deng Yibiao, Li Haisheng, et al. Survey on Human Action Recognition Based on Deep Learning[J]. Computer Science, 2020, 47(4): 85-93 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJA202004014.htm
[183] Shi J, Liu P. An Agent-Based Evacuation Model to Support Fire Safety Design Based on an Integrated 3D GIS and BIM Platform[C]//Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Orlando, America, 2014
[184] 林珲, 张春晓, 陈旻, 等. 论虚拟地理环境对地理知识的表达与共享[J]. 遥感学报, 2016, 20(5): 1 290-1 298 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YGXB201605048.htm Lin Hui, Zhang Chunxiao, Chen Min, et al. On Virtual Geographic Environments for Geographic Knowledge Representation and Sharing[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2016, 20(5): 1 290-1 298 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YGXB201605048.htm
[185] 申申, 龚建华, 李文航, 等. 基于虚拟亲历行为的空间场所认知对比实验研究[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2018, 43(11): 1 732-1 738 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20170083 Shen Shen, Gong Jianhua, Li Wenhang, et al. A Comparative Experiment on Spatial Cognition Based on Virtual Travel Behavior[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2018, 43(11): 1 732-1 738 doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20170083
[186] Vanclooster A, van de Weghe N, de Maeyer P. Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Spaces for Pedestrian Navigation Guidance: A Review[J]. Transactions in GIS, 2016, 20(4): 491-525 doi: 10.1111/tgis.12178
[187] Atyabi S, Moghaddam M K, Rajabifard A. Optimization of Emergency Evacuation in Fire Building by Integrated BIM and GIS[J]. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019, 42: 131-139 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/336674648_OPTIMIZATION_OF_EMERGENCY_EVACUATION_IN_FIRE_BUILDING_BY_INTEGRATED_BIM_AND_GIS
[188] 谢君, 室内外一体化应急疏散方法的研究与实现[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2014 Xie Jun. Emergency Evacuation Algorithms for Environment Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Space [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2014
[189] 张琳, 黄晓霞, 李红旮. 基于火灾场景仿真的室内外应急疏散模型[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2018 Zhang Lin, Huang Xiaoxia, Li Hongga. Indoor-Outdoor Emergency Evacuation Model Based Fire Scene Simulation[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018
[190] 朱庆, 胡明远, 许伟平, 等. 面向火灾动态疏散的三维建筑信息模型[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2014, 39(7): 762-766 http://ch.whu.edu.cn/article/id/3016 Zhu Qing, Hu Mingyuan, Xu Weiping, et al. 3D Building Information Model for Facilitating Dynamic Analysis of Indoor Fire Emergency[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2014, 39(7): 762-766 http://ch.whu.edu.cn/article/id/3016
[191] 宁振伟, 朱庆, 夏玉平. 数字城市三维建模技术与实践[M]. 北京: 中国测绘出版社, 2013 Ning Zhenwei, Zhu Qing, Xia Yuping. Technology and Practice of 3D Modeling[M]. Beijing: Serveying and Mapping Publishing House, 2013
[192] 闾国年, 俞肇元, 袁林旺, 等. 地图学的未来是场景学吗?[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20 (1): 1-6 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXX201801002.htm Lü Guonian, Yu Zhaoyuan, Yuan Linwang, et al. Is the Future of Cartography the Scenario Science? [J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2018, 20 (1): 1-6 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXX201801002.htm
[193] 陈永鸿, 高志利, 高雄. 基于BIM的应急管理研究综述[J]. 昆明冶金高等专科学校学报, 2017, 33 (3): 71-76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2017.03.013 Chen Yonghong, Gao Zhili, Gao Xiong. Overview of BIM-based Emergency Management[J]. Journal of Kunming Metallurgy College, 2017, 33(3): 71-76 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0479.2017.03.013
[194] 武鹏飞, 刘玉身, 谭毅, 等. GIS与BIM融合的研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 测绘与空间地理信息, 2019, 42(1): 1-6 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5867.2019.01.001 Wu Pengfei, Liu Yushen, Tan Yi, et al. Advances and Trends of Integration Between GIS and BIM [J]. Geomatics and Spatial Information Technology, 2019, 42(1): 1-6 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5867.2019.01.001
[195] Amirebrahimi S, Rajabifard A, Mendis P, et al. A Data Model for Integrating GIS and BIM for Assessment and 3D Visualisation of Flood Damage to Building[J]. Locate, 2015, 15: 10-12 http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1323/paper27.pdf
[196] Varduhn V, Mundani R P, Rank E. Multi-resolution Models: Recent Progress in Coupling 3D Geometry to Environmental Numerical Simulation[M]. New York: Springer, 2015
[197] Boguslawski P, Mahdjoubi L, Zverovich V, et al. BIM-GIS Modelling in Support of Emergency Response Applications[J]. Building Information Modelling(BIM)in Design, Construction and Operations, 2015, 149: 381-392 http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pawel_Boguslawski/publication/282006972_BIM-GIS_modelling_in_support_of_emergency_response_applications/links/578cef4408ae5c86c9a64cbe.pdf
[198] Tashakkori H, Rajabifard A, Kalantari M. A New 3D Indoor/Outdoor Spatial Model for Indoor Emergency Response Facilitation[J]. Building and Environment, 2015, 89: 170-182
-
期刊类型引用(12)
1. 徐燕飞，胡振琪，陈永春，崔瑞豪，苗伟，冯占杰. 基于遥感生态指数的淮南矿区生态环境质量变化分析. 煤炭工程. 2025(01): 195-202 . 
百度学术
2. 张浩斌，王婉，宋妤婧，苗林光，马超. 基于改进遥感生态指数的干旱内流区生态质量评价——以阴山北麓塔布河流域为例. 生态学报. 2024(02): 523-543 . 百度学术
3. 张昊杰，杨立娟，施婷婷，王帅. GF-6 WFV传感器数据的缨帽变换系数推导. 自然资源遥感. 2024(02): 105-115 . 百度学术
4. 钟安亚，孙娟，胡春明，谷海红. 基于RSEI的北京王平煤矿生态环境修复效果评估及预测. 矿业安全与环保. 2023(04): 89-96 . 百度学术
5. 王新驰，鲁铁定，龚循强，周秀芳. 基于改进遥感生态指数的南昌市生态环境质量监测与评价. 科学技术与工程. 2023(35): 15319-15327 . 百度学术
6. 吴群英，苗彦平，陈秋计，侯恩科，李继业. 基于Sentinel-2的荒漠化矿区生态环境监测. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报. 2022(01): 91-98 . 百度学术
7. 晏红波，杨志高，卢献健，韦晚秋，黎振宝. 基于改进RSEDI的典型喀斯特地区生态环境质量时空变化. 科学技术与工程. 2022(11): 4646-4653 . 百度学术
8. 刘建强，叶小敏，陈鋆. 面向鄱阳湖洪涝风险分析的HY-1C/D卫星CZI影像水体面积与水位关系研究. 华中师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2022(03): 505-512 . 百度学术
9. 史宇骁，李阳，孟翊，赵志远，张婷玉，王栋，袁琳. 1989—2020年长江口九段沙湿地格局演变及影响因素. 应用生态学报. 2022(08): 2229-2236 . 百度学术
10. 梁齐云，苏涛，张灿，王建，周丽丽. 基于改进遥感生态指数的黄山市生态质量评价研究. 地球物理学进展. 2022(04): 1448-1456 . 百度学术
11. 程琳琳，王振威，田素锋，柳亚彤，孙梦尧，杨玉曼. 基于改进的遥感生态指数的北京市门头沟区生态环境质量评价. 生态学杂志. 2021(04): 1177-1185 . 百度学术
12. 陈超，陈慧欣，陈东，张自力，张旭锋，庄悦，褚衍丽，陈建裕，郑红. 舟山群岛海岸线遥感信息提取及时空演变分析. 国土资源遥感. 2021(02): 141-152 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(21)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2670
- HTML全文浏览量: 447
- PDF下载量: 395
- 被引次数: 33
