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摘要: 在灾害应急服务中，地理实体时空分布地图、专题信息统计地图等已成为重要的辅助决策手段。面对难以预测、复杂多变的防灾减灾形势，灾害应急地图服务要求做到迅速响应、实时更新。设计了一种面向灾害应急服务的自适应制图技术，在分析灾害应急场景的制图需求、地图内容和操作体验的基础上，阐述自适应制图的内容策略和技术流程，进一步剖析知识表达、模板构建、符号引擎、态势标绘、订单式制图和用户地图空间等制图关键技术，并给出了应用实例，为灾害应急服务提供技术参考。Abstract:Objectives In disaster emergency services, the spatial-temporal distribution maps of geographic entities, thematic information statistical mapping, etc. have become important auxiliary decision-making methods. In the face of unpredictable, complex and changing situations of disaster prevention and reduction, disaster emergency mapping services require rapid response, real-time updates to comprehensively and dynamically reflect the information of all aspects of emergency and disaster reduction work.Methods In order to fully meet the content and efficiency requirements of emergency disaster reduction work, we proposed an adaptive mapping method for disaster emergency services. First, based on the comprehensive analysis of the mapping requirements, map content and operation experience of the disaster emergency scene, we proposed a user-oriented adaptive mapping strategies, and described its specific mapping content in detail, including regional scale, mapping template, dynamic symbol and real-time data. Then, according to the characteristics of the disaster scene and adaptive mapping, the overall technical process was designed. The key technologies such as cartographic knowledge expression, construction of mapping templates, production engine of symbols, situational symbol plotting, order-based mapping mode and personal mapping space were also analyzed in depth to form a complete adaptive mapping solution for disaster emergency.Results We used six types of disasters such as earthquake, fire, flood, building collapse, geological disaster and traffic accident as application examples.Conclusions By analyzing previous excellent disaster maps and summering the mapping variables and the relationship between the variables, we used the proposed adaptive mapping technologies to extract 300 kinds of disaster mapping knowledge rules, 200 sets of disaster mapping templates and 100 kinds of dynamic mapping symbols, and build a disaster emergency adaptive rapid mapping platform to provide technical reference for disaster emergency services from the theoretical and practical levels.
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图 2 自适应制图技术路线
Figure 2. Technology Roadmap of Adaptive Cartography for Disaster Emergency
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图 3 灾害应急制图知识表达结构图
Figure 3. Diagram of Cartographic Knowledge Expression for Disaster Emergency
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图 4 灾害应急制图模板组织结构图
Figure 4. Structure Diagram of Mapping Template for Disaster Emergency
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图 8 灾害应急自适应制图平台系统架构
Figure 8. System Architecture of Adaptive Cartography Platform for Disaster Emergency
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