Disaster Monitoring and Application Prospect Analysis of the Jinsha River Landslide Based on "Gaofen+"
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摘要: 基于“高分+”，探索以“高分+地质灾害”模式对10·11与11·3金沙江滑坡灾害开展灾情应急分析，利用灾害前后的高分遥感影像解译了滑坡灾害的基本灾情信息，分析了灾害前后孕灾及变形蠕动特征，对灾后白格堰塞湖及周边开展了隐患灾害排查，查明了堰塞湖两岸存在疑似裂缝与次生滑坡隐患点，开展了二次滑坡灾后灾区道路通达性分析。结果表明，“高分+”模式对类似金沙江滑坡等山区自然灾害巡排查、灾情跟踪监测及灾后应急抢险道路优选具有较大的应用前景。Abstract: Based on the "Gaofen +", this paper explores the emergency analysis of the Jinsha River landslide disasters on October 11 and November 3, 2018, with the "Gaofen + geological disaster" model, and uses the high-resolution remote sensing image of the disaster area before and after the disaster to interpret the landslide. According to the basic disaster information of the disaster, the characteristics of pregnancy disaster and deformation and creep before and after the disaster are analyzed. The hidden dangers are investigated in the Baige Lake and surrounding areas after the disaster. The suspected cracks and secondary landslide hazard points on both sides of the barrier lake are identified, and road accessibility analysis of disaster areas after the second landslide is carried out. The results show that the "Gaofen +" model has great potential for the application of natural disasters such as the Jinsha River landslide, disaster monitoring and emergency rescue roads.
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致谢: 感谢高分辨率对地观测系统四川数据与应用中心提供的高分卫星数据。
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图 1 金沙江滑坡地理位置及灾害现场照片
Figure 1. Geographical Map of the Jinsha River Landslide and Photos of Disaster Scene
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图 2 金沙江滑坡现场撤离及安置照片
Figure 2. Photographs of Evacuation and Resettlement of the Jinsha River Landslide
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图 4 金沙江首次滑坡监测特征分析
Figure 4. Analysis of the Characteristics of the First Landslide Monitoring in the Jinsha River
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图 5 金沙江两次滑坡灾害前后滑坡特征分析图
Figure 5. Analysis of Landslide Characteristics Before and After Two Landslide Disasters of the Jinsha River
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图 6 金沙江二次滑坡后遥感综合特征分析
Figure 6. Analysis of Remote Sensing Characteristics of the Second Jinsha River Landslide
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图 7 金沙江滑坡滑动分区分析图(背景为2018-11-05无人机拍摄照片)
Figure 7. Schematic Diagram of Sliding Zonal Analysis of the Jinsha River Landslide (Photo Taken by the UAV on November 5, 2018)
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图 8 金沙江首次滑坡淹没区分析
Figure 8. Analysis of the Inundated Area of the First Jinsha River Landslide
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图 9 白格堰塞湖壶口底部隐患调查分析图
Figure 9. Investigation and Analysis of Hidden Dangers at the Bottom of the Mouth of the Baige Dammed Lake
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图 10 白格堰塞湖及淹没区周边隐患点解译图
Figure 10. Remote Sensing Interpretation of Hidden Danger Points Around the Baige Dammed Lake and Inundated Area
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图 11 金沙江二次滑坡后灾区道路通达性分析图
Figure 11. Schematic Diagram of Road Accessibility Analysis in the Disaster Area After the Second Landslide in the Jinsha River
表 1 遥感数据基础信息
Table 1 Remote Sensing Data Basic Information
序号 数据类型 影像时相 影像序号 备注 1 高分2号 2018-10-12 3513706 首次滑坡后 2 高分2号 2018-11-01 35675853567586 二次滑坡前 3 北京2号 2018-01-04 D100150 首次滑坡前 4 北京2号 2018-10-12 D115447 首次滑坡后 5 北京2号 2018-11-05 D70VI_005 二次滑坡后 
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表 2 首次滑坡堰塞湖淹没受灾区信息
Table 2 Inundated Disaster Area Information of the Dammed Lake of the First Landslide
受灾区 受灾体类型 淹没受灾情况 A 桥梁、房屋、耕地、公路 桥梁1座；房屋3户，面积10 039 m2；耕地3处，面积169 313 m2 B 房屋、耕地、公路 房屋4户，面积3 269 m2；耕地2处，面积91 749 m2 C 房屋、耕地、公路 房屋8户，面积4 484 m2；耕地4处，面积86 652.91 m2 D 房屋、耕地、公路 房屋5户，面积4 538 m2；耕地3处，面积63 798 m2 E 房屋、耕地、公路 房屋2户，面积1 977 m2；耕地2处，面积22 002 m2
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表 3 堰塞湖淹没区周边遥感解译疑似隐患地灾点信息
Table 3 Remote Sensing Interpretation of Suspected Hidden Dangers in the Surrounding Area of the Inundated Area of the Dammed Lake
隐患点 地理位置 隐患点类型 遥感影像特征 A 98.601°E, 31.198°N 滑坡 位于山体腰部，具有明显的浅色纹理，呈长舌状，发育区或坡体上多有深色方形条带、线状等深色阴影纹理，坡体两侧多有冲沟发育。 B 98.618°E, 31.186°N 崩塌+滑坡 有较明显的形变影像特征，呈条带状的深色阴影，横向深色皱纹状的线状纹理等，呈现高海拔山区和艰险地势的植被稀疏错落特征。 C 98.674°E, 31.163°N 崩塌 位于山体腰部以上区域，其形态较为孤立明显，隐患体呈独立、微小的凸形地貌，坡体上植被较为稀疏杂乱。 D 98.693°E, 31.123°N 崩塌+滑坡 位于山脊区域，壁面高陡，多有深色条带的阴影分布，其中或有呈点状或斑状的浅色纹理，具有较为明显的粗糙感，顶部区域可见深色的线状纹理(裂缝发育)，下部呈有凸形地貌，植被稀疏，后部见有明显冲沟。 E 98.701°E, 31.115°N 崩塌 影像上具有连续条带状的深色阴影和横向皱纹状纹理，表面凹凸不平，下部见有白色色调裸露岩块堆积，位移迹象明显。 F 98.699°E, 31.108°N 滑坡+崩塌 上部滑坡色调较暗，呈箕形、舌形等形态，有纵长式梯形形态，见有滑坡壁、滑坡台阶；下部崩塌呈亮白色，有连续或断续条块状，见有明显的碎石堆积体或者巨石阴影。 G 98.710°E, 31.093°N 滑坡 灰白、浅黄色调，呈现舌形形态特征，后部色调较浅，两侧见有沟壑。
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