Abstract: There are redundant complex issues concerning insertion and deletion processes in three-dimensional octree and R-tree index data management. Relying on GeoSOT Earth three-dimensional subdivision grids, we propose a new complex combination of the octree and R-tree indexes, the Subdivision R-tree model(Subdivision R-tree). First, GeoSOT three-dimensional subdivision octree-based grid index is used to construct a model Subdivision R-tree index structure. Subsequently, the basic design of the insertion, deletion, and query algorithm Subdivision R-tree index, is analyzed. Finally, we carry out a Subdivision R-tree indexing operation with the original data indexing performance comparison test, and discuss the threshold selection of Subdivision R-tree analysis accordingly. Test results show that the performance, especially Subdivision R-tree data update(insertionor deletion) process is better than octree. With the change of data distribution, the performance is more evident in the case that the data distribution is more concentrated, and the improvement is up to 20%.