Representation Methods of Spatial Objects with Uncertainty and Their Application in GIS

This paper investigates the causes and origins of uncertainties in spatial objects and their classifications. Then, several mathematical tools including fuzzy set theory, rough set theory and cloud theory are presented to handle these uncertainties. Later on, the linkages between these theories are further explored and a unified representation based upon the cloud theory is proposed. A practical example of a river with different water levels is provided to illustrate the usefulness of the methods proposed.