Automatic Registration of Optical and SAR Images Based on Nonlinear Scale-Space Enhancement

Objectives It is difficult to solve the matching problem between heterogeneous remote sensing images caused by nonlinear radiometric distortions.

Methods This paper proposes a nonlinear scale-space enhanced automatic matching method for optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. First, by modifying the calculation of color pixel contrast, the contrast information of images is effectively enhanced. As a result, the repeatability of corresponding points between optical and SAR images can be improved. Second, a nonlinear diffusion equation is employed to describe the image diffusion characteristics, avoiding the issue of boundary blurring in the Gaussian scale-space. Third, the multi-scale ratio of exponentially weighted averages operator and the Sobel operator are utilized to compute the gradient information of SAR and optical images, respectively, followed by the stable extraction of Harris feature points. Finally, log-polar descriptor framework is employed to compute a high discriminate feature vector, and the outliers are eliminated by Euclidean distance and fast sample consensus algorithm.

Results The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can get more matching points and achieve higher matching accuracy, compared with other classic methods.

Conclusions The proposed method can realize automatic and robust matching for SAR and optical images.