Citation: | LI Dehai, WU Wentan, MA Huilin, BEI Jinzhong, ZHAO Yiyuan. Positioning Performance Analysis of Indoor Networks of Range-Based Reference Stations[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2025, 50(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20220513 |
In the indoor positioning, the layout of network comprised of many reference stations with ranging function plays a crucial role to the positioning performance. In order to reveal the particular relationship between the positioning performance and the network layout of reference stations, a variety of layout conditions are investigated in light of the dilution of precision comprehensively.
In conditions of different shapes, sizes, heights and scales, a variety of network layout schemes are designed and tests of positioning performance were completed. We design circular network, square network, linear network and solid circular network, and the influences of different shapes on positioning performances are explored. We test the circular networks with radiuses of 5 m, 10 m and 20 m, so the influences of different sizes on positioning performances were revealed. We assess the circular networks with heights of 3 m, 6 m, 9 m and 12 m, and the influences of different heights on positioning performances are investigated. We test the circular networks with 4, 6, 8 and 12 stations, and the influences of different scales on positioning performance are provided.
The results show that: (1) The position dilution of precision (PDOP) in the circle network is better than that of the square network, while the linear network is not suitable for three-dimensional positioning. (2) When the radius of the circular network increases by 2 times, means of PDOP decrease by 2 times. (3) When the height of the network increases by 2 times, and means of the vertical dilution of precision (VDOP) and the horizonal dilution of precision (HDOP) reduce by 1/3 times. (4) When the number of reference stations in the circular network increases by 2 times, and means of PDOP reduce by 1/3 times. (5) When the height of the network is about half the radius of the service area, HDOP and VDOP reach to an equilibrium. (6) When more than 6 reference stations are uniformly deployed over the boundary of service area, the HDOP and VDOP are lower than 1.
This study provides the principles and characteristics of positioning performances with different indoor network layouts. The results will contribute to identify the optimal positioning areas, and predict the network positioning performance. Thereby, it is beneficial to guiding the design of indoor positioning systems, such as supporting the deployments of the shape, height, number and radius of reference stations.
[1] |
柳景斌, 赵智博, 胡宁松, 等. 室内高精度定位技术总结与展望[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2022, 47(7): 997-1008.
LIU Jingbin, ZHAO Zhibo, HU Ningsong, et al. Summary and Prospect of Indoor High-Precision Positioning Technology[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2022, 47(7): 997-1008.
|
[2] |
陈锐志, 叶锋. 基于Wi‑Fi信道状态信息的室内定位技术现状综述[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2018, 43(12): 2064-2070.
CHEN Ruizhi, YE Feng. An Overview of Indoor Positioning Technology Based on Wi‑Fi Channel State Information[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2018, 43(12): 2064-2070.
|
[3] |
姚海云, 舒红, 孙红星, 等. Wi‑Fi室内定位测站布设优化的DOP数值分析[J].测绘地理信息, 2022, 47(2): 34-38.
YAO Haiyun,SHU Hong,SUN Hongxing,et al. DOP Numerical Analysis of Wi‑Fi Indoor Positioning Station Setting Optimization[J]. Journal of Geomatics,2022,47(2):34-38.
|
[4] |
周恭谦, 杨露菁, 刘忠, 等. 基于TDOA定位的基站布设对模糊区分布及定位精度的影响分析[J].海军工程大学学报,2017, 29(1): 96-101.
ZHOU Gongqian, YANG Lujing, LIU Zhong, et al. Influence of Base Station Deployment on Location Precision and Fuzzy Area Distribution Based on TDOA Location[J]. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2017, 29(1): 96-101.
|
[5] |
张书雨, 姚铮, 陆明泉. 地基伪卫星区域导航系统快速布设算法[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2018, 43(9): 1355-1361.
ZHANG Shuyu, YAO Zheng, LU Mingquan. Rapid Configuration Algorithm for Ground-Based Pseudolite Navigation System[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2018, 43(9): 1355-1361.
|
[6] |
王川阳, 王坚. 超宽带应急定位基站布设研究[J]. 测绘科学, 2019, 44(8):174-181.
WANG Chuanyang,WANG Jian. Study of Base Station Layout of Ultra Wideband Emergency Positioning[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2019, 44(8): 174-181.
|
[7] |
张晖, 秦基伟. 高密度小基站网络关键技术及部署策略研究[J].智能建筑与城市信息,2015,229(12):94-98.
ZHANG Hui,QIN Jiwei.Research on Key Technologies and Deployment Strategies of High Density Small Base Station Network[J].Intelligent Building & City Information,2015,229(12):94-98.
|
[8] |
LANGLEY R B. Dilution of Precision[J].GPS World, 1999,10(5):52-59.
|
[9] |
侯全武, 王坚, 胡洪, 等. 传感器位置对狭长空间定位精度的影响[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2013,33(1): 117-122.
HOU Quanwu, WANG Jian, HU Hong, et al. Analysis of Effects on Location Accuracy of Sensors in Narrow Space[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2013,33(1):117-122.
|
[10] |
DEMPSTER A G . Dilution of Precision in Angle-of-Arrival Positioning Systems[J]. Electronics Letters, 2006, 42(5):291-292.
|
[11] |
LI B, DEMPSTER A G, JIAN W. 3D DOPs for Positioning Applications Using Range Measurements[J].Wireless Sensor Network, 2011, 3(10):343-349.
|
[12] |
宋倩, 张波, 李署坚. 地面伪卫星组网布设技术研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2013,21(3):743-746.
SONG Qian, ZHANG Bo,LI Shujian. Study of Configuration Technology of Ground Pseudolite[J].Computer Measurement & Control, 2013,21(3):743-746.
|
[13] |
刘超, 高井祥, 于子晏, 等. GPS/伪卫星相对定位中伪卫星优化布设模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):120-126.
LIU Chao, GAO Jingxiang, YU Ziyan, et al. An Optimal Pseudolites Location Model of GPS/Pesudolites Integrated Relative Positioning[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2012,41(1):120-126.
|
[14] |
王玮, 刘宗玉, 谢荣荣. 伪卫星辅助的北斗定位系统的GDOP研究[J].空间科学学报,2005(1):57-62.
WANG Wei, LIU Zongyu, XIE Rongrong. The Research on GDOP of PL-Aided Beidou Positioning System[J].Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2005(1):57-62.
|
[15] |
Levanon N. Lowest GDOP in 2-D Scenarios[J]. IEEE Proceedings:Radar,Sonar and Navigation,2000,147(3):149-155.
|
[16] |
何小峰. 二维TOA定位中的最小GDOP问题[J].指挥控制与仿真,2014,36(6):52-55.
HE Xiaofeng. Lowest GDOP of 2-D TOA-Positioning Systems[J]. Command Control & Simulation, 2014,36(6):52-55.
|
[17] |
童俊,单甘霖.基于目标定位精度Cramér-Rao下限的多传感器空间布站研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2013,21(3):738-742.
TONG Jun, SHAN Ganlin. A Study of Multi-sensor Space Configuration Optimization Based on Target Position Precision Cramér-Rao Low Bound[J]. Computer Measurement & Control, 2013,21(3):738-742.
|
[18] |
FENG G , SHEN C , LONG C , et al. GDOP Index in UWB Indoor Location System Experiment[C]//IEEE International Conference on Sensors, Busan, Korea, 2015.
|
[19] |
何琦敏, 王坚, 敖佳敏, 等. IAGA 模型支持下的灾区基站组网优化[J]. 测绘通报, 2017(8):7-12.
HE Qimin, WANG Jian, AO Jiamin, et al. Optimization of Disaster Base Station Network Based on IAGA Model[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2017(8):7-12.
|
[20] |
王雪延. 基于UWB基站配置的室内定位研究[D]. 西安:西安电子科技大学,2014.
WANG Xueyan. A Study of Indoor Positioning Based on UWB Base-Station Configurations[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2014.
|