Present and Progress of Fixed-Point Deformation Observation

With the development of fixed-point deformation monitoring in more than half a century, large scale monitoring networks have been constructed and the observations have been widely used in earthquake prediction, seismological research, and volcanoes and tsunamis monitoring. Firstly, we review the history of fixed-point deformation monitoring from fix-point deformation networks and observation instruments. Secondly, we summarize the application status and research results in the field of seismology. Finally, we introduce the application of high sampling data developed in recent years. On this basis, we discuss the main problems in the application of fixed-point deformation monitoring in instruments, monitoring network and data analysis. The suggestions include the standardization improvement of observation instruments, the optimization of site placement of deep wells along major fractures, and the implementation of interdisciplinary multi-method comprehensive observation. Additionally, the in-depth research on crustal deformation and earthquake precursor mechanism and the strain detection research based on borehole observation should be conducted.