Objectives The global constellation network of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has been completed, which means that BDS-3 has entered a new era of providing high-quality positioning, navigation and timing service for global users.
Methods To comprehensively compare the performance of BDS-3 uncombined precise point positioning (PPP) with other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), this paper focuses on three aspects, including the consistency of BDS-3 precise orbit and clock products among different analysis centers, the satellite availability of BDS-3/GNSS, the positioning performance of BDS-3/GNSS single-system and multi-system PPP.
Results Based on the precise orbit and clock products from five analysis centers, the three-dimensional root mean square error of BDS-3 static PPP is between 2.31 cm and 4.00 cm, and its convergence time is significantly slower than that of other GNSS. The introduction of GPS observations can achieve the most obvious improvement among BDS-3/GNSS dual-system joint PPP. Besides, the quad-constellation observations can effectively shorten the convergence time of PPP and improve the positioning accuracy on kinematic mode.
Conclusions With the development of BDS-3 and the improvement of its orbit and clock products, BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality positioning services as other GNSS.
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