A Blind Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection of Vector Geospatial Data Under Controllable Errors Based on DFT
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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
InDFTwatermarkingalgorithms,thewatermarksareoftenembeddeddirectlyinthetrans formationcoefficients,causinglargeerrorsinwatermarkeddata.Toovercomesuchdisadvantageofthesealgorithms,ablindwatermarkingalgorithmforcopyrightprotectionofvectorgeospatialdatabasedonerrorreductionisproposed.ThisalgorithmamplifiestheDFTtransformcoefficientsandem bedsthewatermarksintheamplitudecoefficientsandphasecoefficientsbyDFTtransform,andthewatermarkisembeddedseveraltimes.Inaddition,thevotingprincipleisutilizedtodetectthewater mark.Nooriginaldataisneededinthewatermarkextractionprocedure.Theexperimentshaveshownthatspatialaccuracyofthewatermarkeddataisacceptableandthealgorithmisrobusttoavarietyofgeometrictransformationattacks.
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