Abstract: Beginning with the analysis of the behavior of natural ants, this paper illuminatest the principle and method that, by adopting image texture energy as pheromone, artificial ants can have the ability to identify and remember something through the similar measurement of pheromone. Then this paper makes a study of the factors which influence the ability of artifical ants and draws some conclusions about the law of artifical ants' perception. These conclusions will be useful for applying ant simulation to image interpretation.