中国空间站微波链路引力红移检验仿真实验

申文斌; 张朋飞; 申子宇; 许锐; 高玉平

doi:10.13203/j.whugis20220173

中国空间站微波链路引力红移检验仿真实验

Simulation Test of Gravitational Redshift by Microwave Links of China Space Station

摘要

摘要: 利用高精度空载/星载原子钟进行引力红移检验是物理学领域的研究热点。随着原子钟精度的不断提高，利用高精度时频信号检验引力红移和测定重力位成为可能。中国空间站二号实验舱预计于2022年10月在轨运行，并搭载高精度原子钟组，为高精度引力红移实验奠定了基础。利用中国空间站的一组上行微波链路与下行微波链路进行双向时间/频率比对，从而实现引力红移检验。由于两条链路的频率及路径相同且极化方向相反，可以极大地消除误差干扰。结果表明，当空间站搭载的原子钟稳定度为 $2 \times 10^{- 15} / \sqrt[]{τ}$ 且长期稳定度约为10^-18量级时，引力红移检验精度可达到10^-7量级，比目前国际上最高的引力红移检验精度高1~2个量级。

Abstract:
Objectives Gravitational redshift test using high precision space-borne/sattelite-payload atomic clocks is always a hot topic in physics. With the improvement of the accuracy of atomic clocks, it is possible to use high-precision time-frequency signals to test the gravitational redshift and determine the gravitational potential.
Methods The experiment module of China space station (CSS) is expected in orbit in October 2022, which lays a foundation for high-precision gravitational redshift experiment. The dual-frequency combination method is applied to eliminate the propagation frequency shifts by using an uplink and a downlink with the same frequency and different polarization direction. The gravitational redshift simulation experiment is carried out by using the microwave links of CSS time-frequency comparison system.
Results The results show that the stability of atomic clock achieves $2 \times 10^{- 15} / \sqrt[]{τ}$ , the long term stability reaches 10^-18, and the accuracy of gravitational redshift reaches 10^-7.
Conclusions It is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the highest accuracy of gravitational redshift in the world.

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