Abstract: With spatial autocorrelation statistics,we reveal the spatial distribution of incidence of in 2008.Because spatial weight matrix greatly affects spatial autocorrelation,various measurement matrixes are adopted to conduct global and local analysis.The results indicate that: ① the distance matrix is more powerful to describe spatial distribution of HFRS than the adjacency matrix.② The incidence of HFRS implies significant spatial correlation when the distance threshold lies within 500 km and 800 km.③ From a local perspective,high incidences are clustered significantly around Jilin Province,while Xinjiang,Guangxi,Qinghai and Tibet with low incidences are surrounded by the provinces with high incidences.