Early Detection of Landslides in the Upstream and Downstream Areas of the Baige Landslide, the Jinsha River Based on Optical Remote Sensing and InSAR Technologies
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摘要: 2018-10-11和2018-11-03，金沙江上游西藏自治区江达县波罗乡白格村附近先后发生两次大规模高位滑坡堵江。虽经人工干预处置后进行泄流，但还是对下游居民和交通设施造成了严重损失，其上下游是否还存在类似的大规模滑坡隐患，成为白格滑坡灾害发生后社会各界关注的焦点问题。首先利用高精度光学卫星影像对白格滑坡上游30 km和下游100 km范围内的滑坡隐患进行人工目视解译和定性评价，共识别出滑坡隐患51处，其中下游70~100 km范围内有10处具有堵江风险的滑坡隐患。在此基础上，对具有堵江风险的重点区域（白格滑坡下游70~100 km范围内）收集存档ALOS PALSAR-1和Sentinel-1A雷达卫星数据，利用短基线差分干涉测量技术开展滑坡隐患地表形变定量探测和分析评价，共探测出7处具有较显著形变的滑坡隐患，其中3处堵江风险较大，为白格滑坡上下游地质灾害防治和川藏铁路选线提供了参考。
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关键词:
- 金沙江 /
- 白格滑坡 /
- 光学遥感 /
- 短基线差分干涉测量技术 /
- 早期识别
Abstract: On October 11 and November 3, 2018, two large-scale landslides occurred in the upstream of the Jinsha River near the Baige Village, Polo Town, Jiangda County, Tibet Autonomous Region. Although the drainage was carried out by manual intervention, it still caused severe losses to the residents and transportation facilities in the downstream. Whether there are similar large-scale potential landslides in the upstream and downstream of the Jinsha River has become the social focus issue after the Baige Landslide disaster occurred. Firstly, high-resolution optical satellite images are used to interpret and qualitatively evaluate the potential landslide hazards in the upstream of the Baige Landslide within 30 km and the downstream of the Baige Landslide within 100 km. A total of 51 potential landslides are identified, of which 10 potential landslides in the downstream of the Baige Landslide within 70-100 km have the risk of blocking the river. On this basis, the ALOS PALSAR-1 and Sentinel-1A radar satellite data are collected in the key area (70-100 km downstream of the Baige Landslide) with the risk of river blockage. The quantitative detection and analysis of the potential surface deformation of landslides are carried out by using the small baseline subsets interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR). Seven potential landslides are detected to have significant deformation, of which three are at higher risk of river blockage. The research results have been submitted to the Ministry of Emergency Management, Sichuan Natural Resources Department, China Railway Second Academy Engineering Group Co. Ltd. and other departments and units, providing a reference for the prevention and control of geological hazards in the upstream and downstream of the Baige Landslide and the route selection of Sichuan-Tibet railway. -
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图 1 研究区位置图和雷达卫星影像覆盖范围
Figure 1. Location of Study Area and Coverage of Radar Satellite Image
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图 3 孕育中的滑坡卫星影像（红色箭头标识后缘裂缝）
Figure 3. Satellite Images of Potential Landslides (Red Arrows Indicate the Back Scar)
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图 4 金沙江白格滑坡下游70~100 km范围内滑坡隐患分布图
Figure 4. Distribution Map of Landslides in 70-100 km Downstream of the Baige Landslide in the Jinsha River
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图 5 金沙江白格滑坡下游70~100 km范围InSAR年均形变速率图
Figure 5. Annual Deformation Rate Maps of InSAR in 70-100 km Range of Lower Reaches of the Baige Landslide in the Jinsha River
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图 8 H28滑坡隐患典型特征点形变曲线
Figure 8. Deformation Curves of Typical Characteristic Points of H28 Landslide
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图 11 H31滑坡隐患典型特征点形变曲线
Figure 11. Deformation Curves of Typical Characteristic Points of H31 Landslide
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图 14 H34滑坡隐患典型特征点形变曲线
Figure 14. Deformation Curve of Typical Characteristic Points of H34 Landslide
表 1 卫星SAR影像数据基本参数信息
Table 1 Basic Parameters of the Satellite SAR Image Datasets
参数 SAR传感器 ALOS PALSAR-1 Sentinel-1A 轨道方向 升轨 升轨/降轨 所处波段 L C 雷达波长/cm 23.6 5.6 空间分辨率/m 10 15 重访周期/d 46 12 侧视角/(°) 34 39.5 影像时间 2007-12—2009-02 2017-12—2018-12/2018-01—2018-12 影像数量/景 9 29/25 
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表 2 光学遥感解译出的具有堵江风险的滑坡隐患
Table 2 Landslides with the Risk of Blocking River Identified by Optical Remote Sensing Interpretation
编号 经度 纬度 长度/m 宽度/m 面积/m2 遥感解译信息 H28 98°55' 28.483" 30°36' 16.511" 830 380 360 641 古滑坡堆积体，目前前缘局部可见较明显变形，具有整体失稳可能，堵江风险较大 H29 98°55' 58.402" 30°36' 0.844" 1 000 420 413 967 古滑坡堆积体，目前前缘局部可见较明显变形，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 H31 98°55' 31.763" 30°34' 41.361" 660 1 200 656 833 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝非常明显，具有整体失稳可能，堵江风险大 H34 98°55' 50.899" 30°33' 53.606" 630 360 214 908 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘发育多级拉裂缝，变形显著，具有局部失稳可能，堵江风险大 H36 98°56' 1.333" 30°32' 34.017" 260 260 65 097 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝非常明显，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 H37 98°55' 52.126" 30°32' 20.109" 260 290 79 742 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝非常明显，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 H44 98°56' 53.375" 30°28' 8.206" 270 330 105 973 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝明显，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 H46 98°57' 25.383" 30°27' 38.027" 380 210 76 569 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝非常明显，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 H47 98°57' 34.651" 30°26' 35.196" 860 290 239 179 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝明显，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 H48 98°57' 48.631" 30°25' 37.207" 190 210 42 587 岩质滑坡，滑坡后缘拉裂缝非常明显，具有局部失稳可能，有堵江风险 注：H28、H31、H34表示堵江风险高的滑坡隐患点，其他点表示有堵江风险的滑坡隐患点
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