Abstract: This paper puts forward a new application for image segmentation with the concept of biogeography-based optimigation(BBO).It divides one original image into three binary images to be the initial segmented images by the fractal dimension,energy and gray of each pix in original image(residence),and then reaches the image segmentation optimigation by the emigration and immigration of the pixels in the three initial segmented images.With the application of opposition-based learning(OBL) technology during the optimigation can also better the performance of image segmentation.The result of image segmentation experiment based on three aerial images(100 pixel×100 pixel) shows that the BBOIS algorithm can be proved to be advantage and potential.