摘要:
首先提出利用正射影像及其立体匹配片组成的立体正射影像对作为建立地形三维立体模型的基础,并介绍了立体匹配片的原理,接着实现了两种类型立体匹配片的制作和镶嵌,利用镶嵌之后的正射影像及其立体匹配片可以构建大范围地形的三维立体模型,从而建立三维工程设计平台应用于工程设计,并对该平台的量测性能进行了测试,最后介绍了该技术在输电线路设计、交通线路设计等具体工程设计领域的实际应用。
Abstract:
Up to now,almost all civil engineering design has been implemented on two-dimensional maps including line map,digital terrain model,etc.Terrain,physiognomy and objects are expressed with lines and specific symbols on these two-dimensional maps,and sometimes some knowledge and experience of cartography is required to correctly identify the character of terrain and physiognomy.In addition,two-dimensional line maps can not accurately and detailedly express the features of terrain and physiognomy.For these reasons civil engineers always dream to design on three-dimensional stereo environment and continuously struggle for the goal.To meet such requirement,three-dimensional visualization engineering design is studied in this paper.It is widely known that a three-dimensional stereo model of terrain can be built by using stereo ortho-images including an orthophoto and its stereo-mate.Such a three-dimensional stereo model can not only be viewed stereoscopically,but also be measured.In addition,with the development of digital photogrammetry,the ortho-images can be produced automatically and rapidly.So,firstly,this paper uses stereo ortho-images to build the three-dimensional stereo model of terrain as three-dimensional the designing environment.According to the requirement of original data and measurement performance,stereo ortho-images can be classified into two categories and the production and mosaic of two kinds of orthophoto stereo-mate have been described.Because measurement accuracy is one of the performances being most concerned in civil engineering design,the emphasis is placed on the measurement performance of stereo ortho-images.This paper discusses both the measurement theory and the measurement accuracy.Test results show that the measurement accuracy can reach a very high level that is enough to meet the requirement of civil engineering design.Three-dimensional engineering design and measurement platform has been built on large-ranged three-dimensional stereo model produced by mosaic orthophoto and its stereo-mate.In the end,the application of this technology to specific engineering design fields is introduced.Compared to the conventional two-dimensional map-based civil engineering design,three-dimensional visualization civil engineering design system has the following characteristics:1) Its measurement performance is good enough to be used in civil engineering design;2) It provides better understanding and recognition of terrain features,objects and does good for protecting environment and farmlands;3) Terrain features and ground objects can be viewed stereoscopically;4) It provides convenience for decision;5) It is easy to be combined with civil engineering design CAD software.
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