Abstract: The area,fractal dimension,elongation index and minimum distance index of patches in three villages and towns,which are located at up,middle and down Yonganxi River basin,Xianju county,Zhejiang province,were calculated with landscape ecological evaluation.The result shows that the land use types change a lot from upriver to downriver.Otherwise the mean patch areas of man made landscape types such as farmland and residential site become larger from upriver to downriver.It indicated that,land cultivating and farming levels are quite different in different regions.In the three villages and towns,the minimum distance index of man made landscape is less than that of forest and waste land;buffer zones with 1 000m distance and 2 000m distance(buffer A and buffer B) are created in the three villages and towns,the buffer centers are three residential sites which are the largest residential site in their villages and towns.It indicated that the fragmentation is the biggest in the middle river and smallest in the upriver.In buffer B and villages and towns region,with an exception of buffer A,the diversity index increases with increased human disturbance,while dominance decreases.