论大地水准面
On Geoid
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摘要: 经典大地水准面被定义为等重力位水准面,它在海洋中重合于假想的静止海水面,而后者通常又由平均海水面来代替。然而,平均海水面并非重力等位面,如果精度要求高于1m,则上述经典定义不再适用。近代大地水准面被定义为最接近于平均海水面的重力等位面,但关键问题是如何确定这种大地水准面。为实现这一目标,不仅需要确定大地水准面的形状,而且需要确定大地位常数W0。探讨了几种主要的大地水准面的定义及其相关的确定大地水准面的问题,并建议了一种新的大地水准面的定义。Abstract: The classic geoid is defined as an equigeopotential surface,a part of which coincides with the static sea level,and the latter is commonly replaced by the mean sea level.Unfortunately,the mean sea level is not an equigeopotential surface.If the accuracy requirement is higher than 10 cm,the above classic definition is no longer suitable.The modern definition of the geoid is as follows:the geoid is such an equigeopotential surface that is nearest to the mean sea level.However,the key problem is how to determine the geoid.To determine the geoid,one should determine both its shape and the geodetic potential constant W0.
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