Abstract: It is not a negligent process of the calibration of CCD cameras in the processing images which captured by CCD image system. In this paper,the geometric characteristics of CCD cameras are discussed firstly,then the experimental.methods of measurement of pixel scale factor and principal point are proposed. Furthermore,a two-dimensional on-the-job eal-ibration method which considering the optical errors and electric errors simultaneously is put forward. From the discussion and evaluating of CCD calibration methods and experiments,some valuable and useful conclusions are obtained in the end.