利用SPOT影象提取高程信息的研究
On the Extraction of Elevation Information from SPOT Imagery
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摘要: 本文从理论上分析了以全数字化方法从SPOT影象提取高程信息关键环节上的问题和所采取的方法。根据影象成象特点,采用时序变化的外方位元素数学模型,其中精确选取控制点、合理选取初值和确定等效焦距、线元素和角元素分开解算迭代是十分重要的措施。采用新的数据组织方法可以避免高程内插中的精度损失。利用卫星影象特点,实现由粗到精的多级影象匹配,同时引人改化的高精度最小二乘匹配,使整个匹配过程既保障了可靠性又满足精度要求。马赛地区SPOT象对窗的DEM生成结果表明,在影象质量得到保证,时差不大的前提下,可以达到10米高程精度。Abstract: This paper has analysed theoretically the problems at the key link sin the procedure for elevation exfraction using SPOT imagery by means of fully digital approach and the proposed methods which are necessary and flexible. The mathematieal model of time-sequantial exterior to the geometric characteristics of SPOT imagery. It is very important to chose the precise control points and the reasonable preliminary value of exterior orientation elements of central line and to calculate the equivalent focal length. The iterations for calculating the elements must be performed for the solutions of linear elements in one time and angular elements in other time, i. e. no solutions for both at the same time, just as the case in aerophotogrammetry. New approaches should be taken for data organization, avoiding the loss of precision during the interpolation of elevation after automatic correlatcins. According to satellite image characteristics,a strategy of multi-level matching are realized to improve the precision and the reliability, for which it is important to introduce the modified high accuracy least square matching algorithm. The results of the DEM generation using SPOT image windows in Marseille area show us that they can reach the elevation accuracy of 10m when the image quality can be assured.