嫦娥二号卫星日地拉格朗日L_2点探测轨道定轨分析
Orbit Determination and Analysis for Chang’ E-2 Extended Mission
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摘要: 嫦娥二号卫星于2011-06~2012-04实施拓展试验,运行在绕日地系L2点的Lissajous轨道上。拓展试验期间嫦娥二号卫星距离地球最远约1 700 000km,随着卫星与地球距离的增加,测轨数据的噪声水平也明显增加;另一方面,距离的增加使得飞行过程中动力学约束逐渐减弱,测轨几何可确定性变差,定轨计算的难度也相应提升。这两个因素对测控系统提出了更为严格的要求。描述了嫦娥二号卫星拓展试验期间的轨道计算情况并进行评估。分析表明,在当前的测控条件下,逃逸初期轨道计算的精度优于km级,速度精度优于1cm/s,而随着飞行距离的增加,轨道计算所需的测轨弧段也相应增加,在转移阶段后期,连续使用20d以上的测轨数据进行定轨计算,通过弧段搭接与轨道预报比较,内符合满足2km的精度水平。Abstract: The Chang’E-2 spacecraft was sent to the Lissajous orbit around the L2 of the Sun-Earth for an extended mission in June,2011.During that mission,the maximum distance between the satellite and the Earth was about 1 700 000 km.With an increase in the Earth-Satellite distance,the noise level in three-way ranging increases significantly on the one hand,and the constraint of flight dynamic decreases rapidly on the other hand.Moreover,the geometry for POD deteriorates,therefore the calculation for orbit determination also gets correspondingly more difficult during the process.These factors present challenges to the tracking system.In this paper,the POD for the Chang’E-2 extended mission is described in detail,and the accuracy is assessed using several methods.The results show that the degree of accuracy is better than 1km in the escape phase,and as the distance increases,the required arc-length for POD increases correspondingly.In the late phase of a transfer orbit,orbit determination calculation executed with 20 consecutive days’ data and and orbital comparison using overlaps and prediction analysis,show that the orbital error as a root mean square is at the level of 2 km.