Abstract: We present a bundle block adjustment method of aerial images based on unit dual quaternion.The major characteristic of this method is to use dual quaternion to represent the exterior orientation elements(including camera station and image attitude) of the images,and establish the basic mathematic model based on unit dual quaternion.Furthermore,parameter adjustment with constrains is used to solve the mathematic model.Real aerial images with different images scale are used to test this method and the conventional bundle block adjustment.The experimental results show that the adjustment accuracy of this new method is as much as that of the conventional method,and the requirement of the images scale and the number and distribution of ground control points is almost the same as the conventional method.This method will provide a new technique for photogrammetry processing of the aerial images acquired by light-small sensor platforms.