垂线偏差测量方法现状与展望

金鑫, 郭金运, 李振洪

金鑫, 郭金运, 李振洪. 垂线偏差测量方法现状与展望[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版). DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240504
引用本文: 金鑫, 郭金运, 李振洪. 垂线偏差测量方法现状与展望[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版). DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240504
JIN Xin, GUO Jinyun, LI Zhenhong. Current Status and Prospects of Vertical Deflection Measurement Methods[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240504
Citation: JIN Xin, GUO Jinyun, LI Zhenhong. Current Status and Prospects of Vertical Deflection Measurement Methods[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240504

垂线偏差测量方法现状与展望

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金(42274006,42430101);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231019);兰州交通大学天佑博士后科学基金项目(TYBSH_KJ_202406)。

详细信息
    作者简介:

    金鑫,博士,讲师,研究方向为垂线偏差测量。xinjin@lzjtu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    郭金运,博士,教授。guojy@sdust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TP208

Current Status and Prospects of Vertical Deflection Measurement Methods

  • 摘要: 垂线偏差是描述地球形态和重力场特征的核心参数,在大地测量、地球物理、地质灾害监测以及海洋科学等领域具有重要意义。系统梳理了当前垂线偏差测量的主要方法,包括天文大地测量法、GNSS水准测量法、重力测量法、重力场球谐系数解算法和卫星测高反演法等,分析了各方法的优缺点及适用性。针对现有方法在复杂天气条件下的局限性,特别是全天候条件下的高精度测量需求,重点探讨了全天候垂线偏差测量方法的发展潜力。结合仪器设备的进步和数据处理技术的发展,展望了垂线偏差测量未来的发展趋势,指出天文大地测量设备的小型化与商业化、全天候垂线偏差测量方法的应用以及海洋垂线偏差实测方法的突破将是未来研究的重点方向。通过设备创新、技术融合和多领域应用拓展,垂线偏差测量技术将在服务地球科学研究与实际工程需求中发挥更大的作用。
    Abstract: Vertical deflection is a core parameter for describing the Earth's shape and gravity field characteristics, holding significant importance in geodesy, geophysics, geological hazard monitoring, and marine sciences. This paper systematically reviews the main methods for measuring vertical deflection, including astronomical geodetic methods, GNSS leveling, gravimetric methods, spherical harmonic solutions of the gravity field, and satellite altimetry inversion. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of each method are analyzed. Among these, direct measurement methods (such as astronomical geodesy, integrated GNSS with CCD technology, and GNSS/leveling measurements) can achieve high-precision vertical deflection measurements due to their real-time data acquisition capabilities, but they are limited by environmental conditions and equipment performance. On the other hand, indirect measurement methods (such as gravimetric methods, spherical harmonic solutions of the gravity field, and satellite altimetry) use existing data for calculations, offering higher computational efficiency, but their accuracy depends on high-precision, high-resolution gravity field models or the quality of input data. In general, astronomical geodetic methods (integrated GNSS with total stations for DOV measurements, and integrated GNSS with CCD for DOV measurements) remain the primary approach for directly measuring high-precision vertical deflections and are suitable for high-precision requirements in static environments. GNSS leveling methods have been widely applied in ground measurements and regional mapping, but their application is challenging in complex terrain conditions. Spherical harmonic solutions of the gravity field and satellite altimetry methods, with their broad coverage advantages, play a key role in marine vertical deflection measurement and global gravity field research. However, each method has certain limitations, and the need for all-weather, high-precision, automated vertical deflection measurements remains a pressing challenge. Due to the limitations of existing methods in complex weather conditions, particularly the demand for high-precision measurements in all-weather conditions, this paper focuses on the development potential of all-weather vertical deflection measurement methods. It elaborates on a new all-weather vertical deflection measurement method that integrates GNSS with three-dimensional laser tracking technology. Finally, by considering the advances in instrumentation and data processing technologies, the paper looks forward to the future development trends in vertical deflection measurement. It highlights that the miniaturization and commercialization of astronomical geodetic equipment, the application of all-weather vertical deflection measurement methods, and breakthroughs in marine vertical deflection measurement techniques will be key research directions in the future. Through equipment innovation, technological integration, and expansion into multiple fields, vertical deflection measurement technology will play an even greater role in supporting Earth science research and meeting practical engineering needs.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-12-30

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