肖云, 李岩, 周泽兵, 潘宗鹏, 黄令勇, 伍保峰, 周浩, 王丽兵, 黄志勇, 徐保朋. 中国重力卫星进展[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版). DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240466
引用本文: 肖云, 李岩, 周泽兵, 潘宗鹏, 黄令勇, 伍保峰, 周浩, 王丽兵, 黄志勇, 徐保朋. 中国重力卫星进展[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版). DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240466
XIAO Yun, LI Yan, ZHOU Zebing, PAN Zongpeng, HUANG Lingyong, WU Baofeng, ZHOU Hao, WANG Libing, HUANG Zhiyong, XU Baopeng. Progress on the Chinese Gravimetry Satellite Missions[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240466
Citation: XIAO Yun, LI Yan, ZHOU Zebing, PAN Zongpeng, HUANG Lingyong, WU Baofeng, ZHOU Hao, WANG Libing, HUANG Zhiyong, XU Baopeng. Progress on the Chinese Gravimetry Satellite Missions[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20240466

中国重力卫星进展

基金项目: 

国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3900604);国家自然科学基金(42404008)。

详细信息
    作者简介:

    肖云,博士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为大地测量学和卫星重力学。xiaoyungg@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P228;P223

Progress on the Chinese Gravimetry Satellite Missions

  • 摘要: 全球重力场蕴涵了地球形状、物质分布及其变化的丰富时空特征信息,是反演地球内部、表面、外部物质结构及演化的基础性数据,支撑着地球物理、大气、水文、海洋、大地测量、地震等领域研究工作,应用范围广,可挖掘潜力大。作为全球重力场测量有效手段之一卫星重力测量技术在本世纪得到长足发展,美国联合德国等欧盟国家先后发展了CHAMP卫星、GRACE卫星、GOCE卫星、GRACE-FO卫星等专门重力卫星计划。我国持续跟踪国际该领域的先进技术,逐步突破了卫星重力测量系统的各项关键技术,发射了技术完全自主的低低跟踪重力测量卫星系统,形成独立获取高精度重力场信息并构建全球重力场模型能力。另外,我国发展空间引力波探测计划,2019年底发射了天琴一号,检验了惯性测量基准能力;计划2026年前后发射天琴二号,检验激光星间测距技术,并可形成全球重力场精密测量能力。再者,我国推进卫星重力梯度测量技术发展,研制了重力梯度仪、无拖曳控制装置等,通过了地面验证试验,为重力梯度卫星研制奠定了技术基础。概要介绍了我国重力卫星技术发展现状,分析了各卫星主要技术特征和相互之间联系与区别,指出了卫星重力测量技术存在问题及发展趋势,展望后续主要发展思路,以期进一步推进我国重力测量卫星技术向前发展,更好满足海洋、水文、地震等多领域对重力测量卫星需求。
    Abstract: The Earth's gravity data encompass a lot of information, including characteristics of the Earth's shape, mass distribution, and its varying signals. As fundamental data, it is utilized in research related to geophysics, meteorology, hydrology, oceanology, geodesy, and more, demonstrating significant potential for further applications. As an effective method of observing the global gravity field, the gravity satellite missions have been developed well in this century. Some special gravity satellites such as CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, and GRACE-FO have been successfully injected into orbit, belonging to the USA, Germany, and the EU. In China, the gravimetry satellite technique has been researched continually for the last 20 years, and the key techniques have been successfully broken through. The Chinese gravity satellite (Chinese Gravimetry Augment and Mass Change Exploring Mission, ChiGAM) has been launched successfully and is observing the Earth's gravity field respectively. Besides this, a gravity-wave observatory has been developed. As a first step, the TianQin-1 satellite was developed in 2019, in which the accelerometer and drag-free device were tested in orbit. In the second step, the TianQin- 2 satellite is planned to launch around the year 2026, which will test the laser inter-satellite ranging system and be used to precisely measure the Earth's gravity. Additionally, the satellite gravity gradiometer mission is being pursued. Some key engineering models, such as the gravity gradiometer and drag-free system, have been manufactured and tested, laying the foundation for the gravity gradiometer mission. In this paper, the status of the Chinese gravity satellite is briefly introduced, followed by an analysis of the main characteristics of each gravimetry satellite and the correlations and distinctions between them. Furthermore, suggestions are made for the direction and steps to develop the satellite gravimetry mission, in order to advance satellite gravimetry techniques and better meet the needs of oceanology, hydrology, seismology, and others.
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