摘要:
测度城乡差异、认知城乡发展规律是促进城乡均衡发展需要首先关注的科学问题。当前，已有的研究多围绕城乡收入差距、公共服务配置差异与城乡发展协调度展开，对城乡空间结构差异的关注较少。城乡空间结构反映着城乡系统的空间组织关系，测度城乡空间结构的非均衡性格局可以从空间视角认知城乡关系的演变规律与机制，对于促进城乡融合发展有重要意义。本文聚焦城乡空间结构的非均衡性格局，以武汉市蔡甸区为研究区，采用网络视角构建城乡空间结构，得到基于交通关联、企业关联以及耦合交通、企业关联与城乡属性要素的多元城乡网络。在此基础上，创建城乡网络结构均衡性测度体系：从局部视角，选取指标量化了各个节点在网络中的地位与作用；从整体视角，创建城乡网络结构均衡指数，结合网络分析指标构建了城乡网络结构均衡指数测度体系，测度了多元城乡网络结构的整体均衡程度。结果表明： ①蔡甸区交通系统逐渐完善，连通效率逐年提高，城乡节点之间差距显著减小，城乡交通呈现明显的均衡发展态势。②蔡甸区城乡企业空间关系呈核心-边缘结构，蔡甸城关、奓山街、沌阳街、沌口街、军山街等工业条件优越的区域作为核心，对其他边缘区域起到了正向积极的带动作用，城乡企业联系呈现融合发展的趋势。③城乡综合互动呈现空间集散效应。随着经济发展，资源、要素不断集聚在蔡甸城关、沌阳街、沌口街等中心区域的同时开始向外扩散，至2020年城乡互动扩散至外围区域，城乡互动整体表现出多中心发展趋势。最后，本文结合城乡空间结构的非均衡性格局演变特征，提出了相应的政策建议，可为促进城乡空间均衡发展提供一定参考。
Abstract:
Objectives: To promote urban-rural balanced development, the primary scientific focus should be on measuring the urban-rural differences and recognizing the laws of urban-rural development. Currently, most of the existing studies focus on the urban-rural income gap, differences in public service allocation and urban-rural development coordination, with less attention paid to differences in urban-rural spatial structures. The urban-rural spatial structure reflects the spatial organization of the urban-rural system. Measuring the unbalanced pattern of the urban-rural spatial structure can help to recognize the evolution laws and mechanisms of urban-rural relations from a spatial perspective, which is of great significance for promoting the integrated urban-rural development. Methods:We focus on the unbalanced pattern of urbanrural spatial structure,take Caidian District of Wuhan City as the study area, and adopts the network perspective to construct multiple urban-rural networks based on transportation relations, enterprise relations and urban-rural comprehensive interaction coupling traffic relations, enterprise relations and attribute elements. On this basis, from the local perspective, indicators are selected to quantify the status and role of each node in the network; from the overall perspective, we create a balance index of urban-rural network spatial structure, and combine the network analysis indicators to construct the measurement system of urban-rural network spatial structure balance index, which measures the overall degree of balance of the spatial structure of urban-rural networks. Results: The results show that: (1). The transportation system in Caidian District was gradually improved, the connectivity efficiency increased year by year, the gap between urban and rural nodes was significantly reduced, and urban-rural transportation showed an obvious balanced development trend. (2). The spatial relationship between urban and rural enterprises in Caidian District is characterized by a core-periphery structure. Caidian Chengguan, Xishan Street, Zhuanyang Street, Zhuankou Street, Junshan Street and other areas with superior industrial conditions serve as the core, which have played a positive and active role in promoting other peripheral areas. The urban-rural enterprise relation shows a trend of integrated development. (3). The comprehensive urban-rural interaction shows a spatial agglomeration and diffusion effect. With economic development, resources and factors continued to gather in the central urban areas such as Caidian Chengguan, Zhuanyang Street, and Zhuankou Street and began to diffuse outward. By 2020, urban-rural interaction had spread to peripheral areas, with urban-rural interaction as a whole showing a polycentric development trend. Conclusions: We put forward corresponding policy recommendations in combination with the characteristics of the evolution of the unbalanced pattern of urban-rural spatial structure, which can provide some reference for promoting urban-rural balanced development.
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