GF5A-WTI超大幅宽摆扫序列影像物方几何拼接处理研究

Research on Geometric Stitching Processing of GF5A-WTI Ultra-width Whiskbroom Sequence Images in Object-Space

  • 摘要: 高分五号 01A 卫星(GF5A)宽幅热红外成像仪(Wide-swath Thermal Infrared Imager, WTI)通过对地线阵摆扫进行大范围观测成像,分辨率为 100 m,幅宽达 1 500 km。 GF5A-WTI 在大范围摆扫过程中依次经历“大倾角侧视成像-垂直对地成像-大倾角侧视成像”, 造成不同扫描行成像时的观测视角与成像物距均不相同且变化范围较大, 使得原始影像存在变分辨率与大畸变的特点。 这也导致了相邻帧影像存在复杂的重叠关系,在影像边缘两侧重叠大,中心区域重叠小甚至无重叠。 这使得传统有理函数模型(Rational Function Model, RFM)和图像拼接方法将难以适用于 GF5A-WTI 超大幅宽摆扫影像处理。因此, 本文提出了一种适用于超大幅宽摆扫序列影像的物方几何拼接方法。该方法通过像点加密地理查找表(Navigation Lookup Table, NLT)的直接法校正过程, 精准恢复了原始影像与目标影像的像点准确对应关系。 对于序列影像的拼接处理, 建立了物方拼接虚拟面模型, 逐帧计算原始影像空间范围、 星下点空间分辨率和起始地理空间坐标,并通过灰度重采样将多帧原始影像直接投影至虚拟拼接平面上, 从而实现了超大幅宽摆扫影像的物方几何拼接处理。 试验结果表明,本文方法处理的 GF5A-WTI 影像产品帧间拼接精度优于 0.6 个像素, 内部几何精度优于 1.5 个像素, 满足了高质量大区域成图需要,并成功应用到 GF5A-WTI 业务化处理系统。

     

    Abstract: Objectives: The Wide-swath Thermal Infrared Imager (WTI) of the Gaofen-5A satellite (GF5A) can obtain ultra-width images with the width of 1500km and the spatial resolution of 100m by performing whiskbroom imaging. During the imaging process, it undergoes "large-angle side-view imaging, imaging-vertical ground imaging, and largeangle side-view imaging" in sequence, resulting in different observation angles and imaging object distances during different scanning rows, with a large range of variation, making the original image characterized by variable resolution and large distortion. This makes traditional correction models and image stitching methods difficult to apply to GF5AWTI processing. Methods: To address these issues, this paper proposes an object-space geometric stitching method for ultra-width whiskbroom sequence images. First, for the complex light transmission during the imaging process, an accurate mapping from image-plane coordinates to object-space coordinates is achieved by constructing a physical strict imaging model(PSM) for the line-array wiskbroom system. Then, an navigation lookup table (NLT) is constructed to determine the accurate correspondence between corrected image points and original image points. Finally, for the stitching of sequence images, an object-space stitching virtual plane model is established, where the spatial range, spatial resolution of the sub-satellite point, and starting geographic spatial coordinates of the original images are calculated frame by frame. Multiple frames of original images are then directly projected into the virtual stitching plane through grayscale resampling. Results: After the object-space geometric stitching process, the effective-area pixels of the output image are all covered by grayscale values, eliminating the issues of variable resolution and large distortion in the images. Simultaneously, seamless stitching is achieved in the complex overlapping areas between frames. Conclusions: The stitching accuracy of GF5A-WTI image products using the method in this paper is better than 0.6 pixels, and the internal geometric accuracy is better than 1.5 pixels, meeting the needs of high-quality large-area mapping and successfully applied to the GF5A-WTI operational processing system.

     

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