Simulation and Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Performance of Spaceborne BDS3-R Polar Observations
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摘要: 针对多种轨道类型的北斗卫星导航系统(Beidou Satellite Navigation System III,BDS3)反射信号进行极地观测具有独特性,本文对为期10天的极地北斗三代卫星导航系统反射(BDS3 Reflectometry,BDS3-R)仿真事件进行了分析,并提出了新的时空观测性能评估方法。从卫星轨道高度和倾角两方面,对BDS3-R技术在极地观测中的时空性能展开了深入研究。结果表明,在极地区域(纬度>66.34°)随着卫星轨道高度增加,重访时间增大、空间分辨率逐渐降低。当轨道高度为800km时,重访周期约为35小时,平均空间分辨率约为17.6公里。同时,发现高轨卫星GEO有利于极地区域掠射观测事件的产生。此外,随着轨道倾角接近90度,重访周期逐渐增大。当倾角小于80度或大于100度时,BDS3-R存在南北极中心区域监测盲区。因此推荐采用70~80度和80~90度倾角的双星组网方式进行极地观测。分析结果也表明极地观测趋于采用较大反射天线倾角,且指向方位对反射事件数量影响明显。研究结果对未来基于BDS3-R技术进行极地监测具有借鉴意义。Abstract: Objectives: The polar observation of the reflectance signals from various orbit types in the Beidou Satellite Navigation System III (BDS3) presents distinctive characteristics. This paper analyzes a 10-day simulation event of polar Beidou third-generation satellite navigation system reflectometry (BDS3 Reflectometry, BDS3-R) and proposes a novel spatiotemporal observation performance assessment method. Methods: Based on the concept of Knearest neighbors, a novel method for calculating temporal and azimuthal resolution is proposed. This research delves into the spatiotemporal performance of BDS3-R technology in polar observations, considering satellite orbit altitude and inclination. Results: The findings reveal that in the polar region (latitude > 66.34°), an increase in satellite orbit altitude leads to a gradual extension of revisit time and a reduction in spatial resolution. Specifically, at an orbit altitude of 800 km, the revisit period reaches approximately 35 hours, with an average spatial resolution of about 17.6 km. Furthermore, high-orbit satellites, such as GEO, demonstrate advantages in polar grazing observation events. Additionally, as the inclination of the BDS3-R orbit approaches 90 degrees, there is a gradual increase in the revisit period. However, BDS3-R exhibits blind areas in monitoring the polar center when the inclination is less than 80 degrees or greater than 100 degrees. Conclusions: Consequently, we recommend adopting a dual constellation design with inclinations of 70-80 degrees and 80-90 degrees. The analyses also show that polar observations tend to use larger reflector antenna inclinations and that pointing orientation has a significant effect on the number of reflection events. These research findings have substantial implications for future GNSS-R polar monitoring based on the BDS3 system.
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Keywords:
- BDS /
- BDS3-R /
- Polar observation /
- Spatiotemporal performance of earth observation /
- Simulation
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