面向工程地质领域的滑坡知识图谱构建方法研究

Construction of a Landslide Knowledge Graph in the Field of Engineering Geology

  • 摘要: 大数据为滑坡研究带来了新机遇,但由于数据类型复杂、语义关系多样、共享机制不明等问题,对滑坡数据深层挖掘仍然有限,在滑坡研究中大数据优势较难发挥。提出一种面向工程地质领域的滑坡知识图谱构建方法,抽取、融合、结构化多源异构滑坡知识,实现对滑坡知识大数据的询查、关联和推理。采用自顶向下和自底向上结合方法,划分滑坡概念和本体,形成以滑坡野外调查、滑坡评价、滑坡类型、滑坡地貌特征、滑坡形态特征、滑坡致灾信息、滑坡活动状态、滑坡成因机制、滑坡稳定性分析方法、滑坡防治措施10大类知识为基础的滑坡知识体系,建立了包括概念层、属性层、关系层、规则层、实例层的知识图谱模式层;从广阔数据源抽取滑坡知识信息、建立语义网络,对冗余知识进行融合,构建了知识图谱数据层;利用Neo4j平台存储滑坡知识,实现了知识可视化与检索,为滑坡机理研究与防灾减灾提供新思路、新方法。所提的滑坡知识图谱构建方法可拓展到其他类型灾害知识图谱研究,并与其他学科领域产生联系,促进学科深度交叉与融合。

     

    Abstract: Big data has provided new opportunities for landslide research, but in-depth mining of landslide data is still limited due to complex data types, diverse semantic relationships, and unclear sharing mechanisms. And it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of big data in landslide research. In this paper, a landslide knowledge graph construction method for the field of engineering geology is proposed, which extracts, fuses and structures multi-source heterogeneous landslide knowledge to realize the inquiry, correlation and reasoning of landslide knowledge big data. The combination of top-down and bottom-up methods was used to divide the concept and ontology of landslides. A knowledge graph model layer was formed based on 10 categories of knowledge, including landslide field investigation, landslide evaluation, landslide type, landslide geomorphological characteristics, landslide morphological characteristics, landslide disaster information, states of activity of landslides, landslide genesis mechanism, landslide stability analysis method, and landslide prevention and control measures. The knowledge graph model layer includes concept layer, attribute layer, relationship layer, rule layer, and instance layer, and it is constructed by extracting landslide knowledge information from broad data sources, establishing semantic networks and integrating redundant knowledge. The Neo4j platform is used to store landslide knowledge, realize knowledge visualization and retrieval, and provide new ideas and methods for landslide mechanism research and disaster prevention and mitigation. The proposed construction method of landslide knowledge graph can be extended to the research of other types of disaster knowledge graph, and is linked with other disciplines to promote the deep intersection and integration of disciplines.

     

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