Abstract: Digital development has been vigorously promoted in China to drive a comprehensive and in-depth change in production, life and governance through the construction of digital economy, digital society and digital government. It has put forward new and higher requirements for basic surveying and mapping products and services. Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China issued a notice to promote the construction of 3D realistic geospatial scene of China, aiming to develop new 3D geo-spatial information products which can describe and represent the real 3D spaces of industrial production, living environment and ecological development. The construction of such 3D realistic geospatial scene of China will lead to a 3D digital space which can be well connected with the real geo-spatial space through real-time inter-connection, and will provide a new generation of spatiotemporal information framework for the development of digital China. It is not only a major task for national and local basic surveying and mapping agencies in the next few decades, but also a challenging scientific and technological initiative where several complex factors and technical problems remain to be solved. This paper analyzes the background and problems, discusses the development directions and general technical logic, and conductes the major technological path.