Abstract: The deep space exploration activities represented by lunar and planetary space exploration expand human's cognition of physical space from earth space to deep space scene such as Moon, Planet, and even interplanetary space. Deep space environment is both related and significantly different from earth space or planetary space. How to construct the concept of spatial position in deep space exploration environment, clarify the mapping content of scene space, and establish corresponding mapping expression mechanism and visualization methods to meet the needs of deep space exploration task implementation and scientific discoveries, which puts forward new challenges to Cartography. In view of this, based on the latest frontier theoretical thinking on pan-maps and combined with the experience accumulated in the mapping practice of China's deep space exploration mission for a long time, this study attempts to make a unified position association for the multi-scale space involved in the deep space environment, such as the orbit space of celestial bodies and satellites, the space between the Moon and Planets, the space of the probe body, and the mapping content, mapping data visualization technology system is discussed in order to construct a deep space environment mapping method for the integrated spatial visualization of space, planets and instruments in deep space exploration. This study might provide ideas for the development of new mapping products required by China's follow-up deep space exploration missions and corresponding scientific research.