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摘要: 近年来，卫星大地测量技术的快速发展为精确测量地壳形变和断层行为提供了前所未有的多维观测数据。它与地震学的结合使得地震周期形变监测的时空分辨率大大提升，为更加深入地研究地震周期过程和机理提供了一个窗口，地震大地测量学应运而生。它能够对地壳运动进行定量描述、对断层活动进行精准建模，从而为洞悉整个地震周期过程的应力应变演化提供科学依据，同时为评估地震危险性、实现地震预测预警提供科学指导。以卫星大地测量观测探究断层形变为主线，分析了断层处于地震周期不同阶段的运动学特征（震间、同震和震后），回顾了地震大地测量学在震源物理方面的一些重要发现。研究表明，利用卫星大地测量数据判定断层所处地震周期的阶段是实现地震预测的可行思路。Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development of satellite geodesy provides unprecedented multidimensional observations for the accurate measurement of crustal deformation and fault behavior. Combined with seismology, the temporal and spatial resolution of earthquake cycle deformation monitoring is greatly improved, which provides a chance for further study of earthquake cycle process and mechanism. Seismogeodesy can quantitatively describe the crustal movement and accurately model the fault activity. It can also provide a scientific basis to understand the stress and strain evolution of the whole earthquake cycle process, and provide scientific guidance for the assessment of seismic hazard and earthquake prediction and early warning. This paper analyzes the kinematic characteristics of faults at different stages of the earthquake cycle, including interseismic, coseismic, and postseismic, and reviews some important findings of seismic geodesy in terms of source physics by using satellite geodetic observations to investigate fault deformation. The satellite geodetic data can be applied to determine the fault location in the stage of earthquake cycle. It is a feasible idea for earthquake prediction.
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Keywords:
- satellite geodesy /
- crustal movement /
- earthquake cycle /
- seismic hazard
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致谢: 感谢陈鑫连先生九十诞辰组委会的邀请，谨以此文纪念陈鑫连先生在相关领域的开创性贡献。
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