近海海平面变化成因分析

Causes of Coastal Sea Level Change

  • 摘要: 近海海平面上升直接威胁人类生存,分析其成因不仅具有重要科学意义,而且能够为应对海平面上升提供相应策略。使用卫星测高、时变重力以及浮标观测研究2002—2020年近海300 km内海平面变化成因。由于时变重力在近海受到较为严重的泄漏误差影响,使用时变重力约束解模拟陆地质量变化对海洋质量的泄漏,其线性趋势约为0.68 mm/a。在季节和非季节尺度上,时变重力和浮标观测解释了卫星测高的结果,证明近海海平面平衡方程在季节和非季节时间尺度上能够被闭合。在长期变化趋势方面,卫星测高显示近海海平面上升速率为3.32±0.45 mm/a,而时变重力与浮标观测之和的速率为2.25±0.51 mm/a,两者之间存在约1 mm/a的速率差。鉴于该速率差高于估计的不确定度,认为当前在闭合近海海平面平衡方程长期趋势方面仍存在不小挑战,一方面近海比容实测数据较为稀少,很可能低估了长期趋势变化;另一方面,不完善的泄漏误差改正和陆地垂直运动改正也会影响近海海平面长期趋势变化。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives  Coastal sea level rise poses direct threats to human livelihood. It is of scientific importance to understand the causes and provide useful strategies for adapting sea level rise. This paper aims to investigate the causes of coastal sea level change using satellite altimetry, satellite time-variable gravity, and Argo floats.
      Methods  Given that time-variable gravity suffers from serious leakage issue over coastal area, we use land mass variations from a mascon solution to simulate the leakage from land into oceans, which is estimated to be 0.68 mm/a.
      Results  On seasonal and non-seasonal scales, satellite altimetry measurements are well explained by the summation of time-variable gravity and Argo floats, demonstrating the closure of coastal sea level change.Satellite altimetry suggests a rate of 3.32±0.45 mm/a for coastal sea level rise, but the summation of time-variable gravity and Argo floats yields a rate of 2.25±0.51 mm/a.
      Conclusions  The rate discrepancy is about 1 mm/a in coastal sea level budget, which suggestes that closing the sea level budget for coastal zone is challenged by uncertainties. The in situ measurements are sparse for Argo over coastal zone, which may underestimate the steric trend. Furthermore, leakage correction and vertical land motion may also cause uncertainties.

     

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