Objectives  Non-ideality of navigation satellite signals can cause ranging bias between different receivers, which is an important factor that may degrade the accuracy and integrity performance of global navigation satellite system. In civil aviation and other high integrity services, it is necessary to consider the non-ideality characteristics of the signal and define the design constraints of the user receiver, so as to reduce the impact of non-ideality and ensure service safety.

  Methods  The B1C and B2a signals of BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) are planned to join the international civil aviation standard, so it is necessary to study their non-ideality characteristics and define the receiver design constraints. This paper analyzed the non-ideality characteristic of BDS B1C and B2a signals. In order to avoid the influence of noise and multipath, a large aperture antenna was used to collected all the in-orbit satellite broadcasting B1C and B2a signals (including 27 satellites) to obtain pure signal samples. Then, the software receiver was used to process the signal samples under various receiving parameters to obtain the ranging biases under different receiver front-end bandwidth and code discriminator space, and the ranging bias range and variation with the receiving parameters are evaluated. Furthermore, taking the application in dual frequency multi-constellation satellite based augmentation service as an example, the receiver design constraints of the two signals were analyzed.

  Results and Conclusions  The experimental results show that the range biases introduced by the non-ideality of B1C and B2a signals are less than 0.68 m and 0.44 m, respectively, under the parameters range commonly used by receivers. Under the requirement of range bias less than 0.1 m, the applicable parameter range of receiver design constraints for B1C and B2a signals is better than the relevant requirements of the international civil aviation organization draft standard. There is sufficient margin to further consider other constraints.