刘纪平, 刘猛猛, 徐胜华, 杜清运, 朱军, 朱秀丽. 大数据时代下的一体化综合减灾技术综述[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2020, 45(8): 1107-1116. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200108
引用本文: 刘纪平, 刘猛猛, 徐胜华, 杜清运, 朱军, 朱秀丽. 大数据时代下的一体化综合减灾技术综述[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2020, 45(8): 1107-1116. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200108
LIU Jiping, LIU Mengmeng, XU Shenghua, DU Qingyun, ZHU Jun, ZHU Xiuli. A Survey on Integrated and Comprehensive Disaster Reduction Technology in the Era of Big Dat[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(8): 1107-1116. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200108
Citation: LIU Jiping, LIU Mengmeng, XU Shenghua, DU Qingyun, ZHU Jun, ZHU Xiuli. A Survey on Integrated and Comprehensive Disaster Reduction Technology in the Era of Big Dat[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(8): 1107-1116. DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200108

大数据时代下的一体化综合减灾技术综述

A Survey on Integrated and Comprehensive Disaster Reduction Technology in the Era of Big Dat

  • 摘要: 近年来,大数据和减灾技术的发展为灾害管理和应急响应提供了新的可能性。大数据以其可视化、分析和预测灾难的能力,正在深刻地改变着应急救援和灾害管理。灾害大数据与测绘地理信息技术的结合成为提升防灾减灾救灾能力的重要手段。在大数据背景下对一体化综合减灾技术进行了分析与总结:阐述了一体化综合减灾技术的特征,回顾了一体化综合减灾技术的进展,包括灾害信息的获取与管理、应急信息的融合和分析、灾害模型的构建与仿真、应急综合决策与服务等;介绍了一体化综合减灾智能服务系统平台及其应用情况,并对一体化综合减灾技术与服务进行了总结与展望。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives   China is one of the countries with the most severe natural disasters in the world. There are many types of natural disasters and high frequency of disasters. It often causes huge economic losses and casualties in the disaster area. Combining the key technologies of the internet of things(IOT), the Internet, and geographic information for surveying and mapping, so it is possible to grasp the disaster situation in a timely and efficient manner. Thereby we could scientifically and effectively formulate disaster prevention and mitigation strategies, and implement emergency rescue measures, which are of great significance to the safety of people’s lives and property.
      Methods   The development of big data and disaster reduction technologies has brought new possibilities for disaster management and emergency response. Geographic information big data provides basic support for emergency rapid response, location and navigation big data provides location information of personnel and materials for emergency rescue. Two- and three-dimensional visualization technology more realistically restores the disaster environment, and disaster models scientifically simulate the process of disaster occurrence, internet public opinion big data in disaster assessment also plays an important role. Big data is profoundly changing emergency rescue and disaster management with its ability to visualize, analyze and predict disasters. The combination of disaster big data and surveying and mapping geographic information technology has become an important means to improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.
      Results   We analyze and summary the integrated and comprehensive disaster reduction technology in the context of big data. The characteristics of integrated and comprehensive disaster reduction technology are elaborated, including comprehensive and thorough perception, broadband ubiquitous interconnection, precise and fast integration, ubiquitous positioning, efficient and intelligent processing, and intelligent collaborative services. The progress of integrated comprehensive disaster reduction technology is reviewed, which includes indoor and outdoor high-precision integrated positioning, rapid integration of multi-source data, scene fusion and enhanced visualization, typical disaster model construction and management, integrated disaster reduction comprehensive services, and China’s disaster reduction service system platform. In addition, we introduced the integrated comprehensive disaster reduction intelligent service system platform, APP and its application services, and summarized and prospected the integrated comprehensive disaster reduction technology and services.
      Conclusions   The continuous development of big data technology provides new ideas and methods for people to analyze and solve emergency response problems, and provides a very convenient way for the sharing, integration, analysis, mining, and decision-making of comprehensive disaster reduction services. However, with the in-depth application of new concepts, new technologies, and new methods such as "Internet +", IoT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and mobile communications in the field of comprehensive disaster reduction, the means of acquisition, transmission efficiency, application deployment methods, and services of comprehensive disaster reduction data Modes, data production and processing methods, target users, etc. have undergone profound changes. This leads to the characteristics of crowd sourced disaster data acquisition, diversified data storage models, and comprehensive analysis services, which brings new opportunities and challenges to the development of integrated disaster reduction services.

     

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