应急救援无缝定位关键技术研究

Key Technologies of Seamless Location in Emergency Rescue

  • 摘要: 应急定位是重大突发事件应急管理与救援效率提高的关键技术之一。首先,回顾了导航定位的研究历史;其次,按照全球导航卫星系统定位、自主定位、局域电磁波定位3种常用的应急定位技术模式阐述了国内外研究现状;然后,基于应急连续运行参考站组网、超宽带组网等技术,构建了多种灾害通用的应急无缝定位解决方案,并研制了卫星/惯性导航系统紧组合终端、超宽带组网定位终端、步行航迹推算定位终端、北斗短报文定位终端等应急定位终端;最后,设计并开发了应急定位与位置服务系统,定义室内外无缝定位导航电文。通过研究关键技术,旨在打造面向应急情况的室内无缝定位技术体系,革新现有应急定位技术方法。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives  Emergency location is one of the key technologies for emergency rescue of major emergencies such as earthquake, fire, mine accident and so on. However, at the present stage, the research on the theory and technology of emergency location is still not systematized, the rapid construction method of seamless benchmark and collaborative location model for emergency location are not robust enough, and the lack of positioning terminals has become an urgent problem to be solved.
      Methods   Firstly, we expound the research status at home and abroad according to the three commonly used emergency positioning modes of GNSS(global navigation satellite system), autonomous positioning and local area network electromagnetic wave positioning.Secondly, based on the technologies of emergency CORS(continuously operating reference stations) and UWB(ultra wide band) networking, a general emergency seamless positioning solution for many kinds of disasters is constructed. Then, the key technologies such as low power consumption of emergency positioning terminal manufacturing, synchronous information acquisition and efficient calculation of embedded firmware are overcome, and hardware equipment such as GNSS/UWB base station is developed. And, the emergency location service system is designed and developed, which solves the problems of emergency position networking, personnel location and on-site scheduling. Finally, the message transmission protocol of emergency navigation and location service system is proposed, which promotes the development of emergency rescue equipment standardization.
      Results   Through the research on the key technologies such as the manufacture of emergency location terminals such as GNSS/UWB base station, the development of emergency location and location service system based on cloud platform, and the formulation of message transmission protocol of emergency navigation and location service system, we put forward a seamless positioning solution for indoor and outdoor under emergency conditions, which solves the problems of rapid construction of indoor and outdoor seamless positioning datum, personnel positioning and command scheduling in emergency.
      Conclusions   The purpose is to create an emergency-oriented indoor seamless positioning technology system and innovate the existing emergency positioning technology methods.

     

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