Abstract: The emergency evacuation sign is one of the key factors that determine whether the personnel can escape safely. The rationality of its layout needs further quantitative optimization research. This paper takes the office building as the experimental area, with the help of the virtual reality eye-tracking experiment, analyzes the unreasonable layout of the directional emergency evacuation signs in the experimental area, and designs an effective modification and optimization scheme to improve the directional function of the emergency evacuation signs.Two groups of virtual eye movement evacuation experiments are designed. Each experiment consists of two experiments, in which the experimental group 1 uses the real evacuation sign layout, and the experimental group 2 uses the modified evacuation sign layout as the verification experiment. Compared with the experimental data, the evacuation time of the two experiments in experimental groups 1 and 2 was reduced by 30.28% and 30.99%, and the expected evacuation distance was reduced by 42.67% and 40.06%, so the evacuation time and the expected evacuation distance were significantly improved. The experimental results and data analysis prove the effectiveness of the modification method and scheme of directional emergency evacuation signs in the experimental area. At the same time, a new optimization method and process of directional emergency evacuation signs layout is established.