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摘要: 甚长基线干涉测量(very long baseline interferometry, VLBI)台站钟差的补偿误差将导致VLBI时延观测量参考历元的偏离，进而对世界时(universal time，UT1)的准确估计产生影响。台站钟差包含格式器钟差和设备时延，设备时延是影响钟差补偿精准度的关键因素。上海佘山VLBI站是全球测地参考框架的基准站，有必要评估该站的钟差补偿精准度。利用该站2002—2017年国际测地观测数据的相关处理结果，分析了相关处理机对佘山站钟差的补偿精度。结果表明，不同VLBI相关处理机对佘山站模拟终端的设备时延补偿具有较好的一致性和长期稳定性，满足UT1测量精度需求，但是上海相关处理机对佘山站数字化终端的设备时延补偿存在大于1 μs的系统差，有必要进一步改进钟差搜索方法和提高钟差补偿精度。Abstract:Objectives The compensation error of clock offset for a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) station leads to the shift of delay observables in reference epochs, and further affects the estimation of universal time (UT1). The station clock offset includes the formatter clock offset and the instrumental delay, and the instrumental delay is essential for clock offset compensation. Since the Sheshan VLBI station is the fiducial station of the global geodetic reference frame, it is important to evaluate the compensation accuracy of the clock offset in the Sheshan station.Methods We used the data of Sheshan station from all international geodetic observations from 2002 to 2017. In terms of different international VIBL service (IVS) correlators, data acquisition systems and recorded bandwidth, the compensation values of clock offsets were computed and analyzed by extracting clock parameters from correlator reports and formatter clock offsets from station log files.Results Different VIBL correlators show good agreement and stability in long term for the instrument delay compensation of the analog terminal in the Sheshan station. However, a systematic bias of clock offset compensation of more than 1 μs is revealed in Sheshan station.Conclusions In most cases, the compensation accuracy of clock offsets for Sheshan VLBI station can meet the requirement of UT1 measurements. However, it is necessary to improve the searching algorithm of the clock offset and the accuracy of clock offset compensation due to the system bias.
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图 2 R1799格式器钟差随时间的变化
Figure 2. Change of Formatter Clock Offset with Time in R1799 Observation
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图 3 2002—2017年IVS相关处理的设备时延补偿值
Figure 3. Instrumental Delay Compensation Values Used in IVS Data Correlation from 2002 to 2017
表 1 CDAS终端和模拟终端的抽取因子和带宽
Table 1 Decimation Factor and Bandwidth of CDAS Terminal and Analog Terminal
抽取因子 CDAS终端带宽/MHz 模拟终端带宽/MHz 8 4 2 4 8 4 2 16 8 1 32 16 
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表 2 设备时延补偿值大于3$ \mathit{\sigma } $的数据
Table 2 Outlier Data Which Instrumental Delay Compensation Values Greater than 3$ \sigma $
观测年份 观测代码 设备时延补偿值/μs 2002 T2004 2.23 2004 T2029 -3.27 2016 R1740 2.16 2016 R1746 -2.20
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表 3 模拟终端的设备时延补偿值统计
Table 3 Statistics on the Instrumental Delay Compensation Values Using the Analog Terminal
相关处理机 处理次数 平均值/μs 标准偏差/μs 波恩 132 -0.07 0.64 华盛顿 37 -0.23 0.41 上海 6 -0.38 0.59
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表 4 CDAS终端的设备时延补偿值统计
Table 4 Statistics on the Instrumental Delay Compensation Values Using the CDAS Terminal
处理机 带宽/MHz 处理次数 平均值/μs 标准偏差/μs 波恩 4 3 19.36 1.01 8 17 9.88 0.25 16 0 上海 4 1 17.63 8 3 7.89 0.11 16 5 3.04 0.40
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