Abstract: According to the existing researches of aerosol optical depth(AOD) spatial coverage improvement, the spatial-temporal correlation of multi-source products is not fully considered in the fusion process, and the uncertainty of the estimated results is not considered. This paper proposes an AOD spatial coverage improvement method based on spatiotemporal random effects (STRE) modeling with the uncertainty constraint. And this method is applied to the spatial coverage improvement of daily Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiomete(MODIS) AOD products in eastern China from January 2013 to December 2017. The results show that the STRE model AOD spatial coverage improvement method can effectively improve the spatial coverage and temporal completeness of AOD by considering the temporal and spatial correlation of AOD data. And the introduction of uncertainty analysis in the STRE model AOD spatial coverage improvement can effectively reduce the accuracy of the overall coverage improvement results, especially for the region with serious missing original AOD data on time and space.