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摘要: 城市土地利用是人的活动与城市物质空间交互所表现出的综合结果，因此人的活动与城市土地利用功能密切相关；具有不同时间段人的活动的空间聚集与分散规律的区域，其所属的社会功能属性亦不相同。随着大数据时代的到来，以居民手机数据为代表的基于位置的服务数据（local basic service，LBS）大量出现，使得实现时空全覆盖和精细化地监测城市人的活动成为可能。因此，利用手机数据的优势，能够实现从人的角度来区分识别城市用地功能类型。利用手机通话详单数据（call detail records，CDRs）提取面向地块尺度的居民通话聚合时序特征，提出了一种城市土地利用类型谱聚类识别方法。以武汉市为例进行实验分析，结果表明，该方法识别城市土地利用的平均精度为54.6%，为探知城市土地利用空间分布提供了一个有效的方法。Abstract: The spatial and temporal characteristics of human activities are closely related to the function of urban land use, so the social-economic function of the urban parcel can be inferred by the spatial aggregation and dispersion of human activities. Cell phone is the most popular communication terminal equipment and the distribution of cell phone users is able to reflect the distribution of population accurately. Local basic service (LBS), which is acquired from residents' cell mobile data, is constantly emerging and make it possible to achieve spatial and temporal coverage and meticulous monitoring of urban people's activities. Therefore, the mobility data of cell phone users have the potential to infer the land use function of the urban parcels. In this paper, the call detail records(CDRs), will be adopted to cluster the urban land use patterns. Firstly, the clustering characteristics of call aggregation for local scale are extracted, then a spectral clustering recognition method for urban land use is proposed. Taking Wuhan as an experimental area, the average accuracy of the method for urban land use identification is 54.6%, and the results show that this method has advantages in urban land use identification.
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图 1 武汉市主城区范围及基站点分布(2016年)
Figure 1. Main Urban Area and Distribution of Mobile Base Stations of Wuhan City (2016)
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图 2 武汉市主城区街坊单元划分分布
Figure 2. Distribution of Streetunit in Main Urban Area of Wuhan City
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图 3 街坊单元预处理结果示意图(去除长江和沙湖等水体区域)
Figure 3. Pretreatment Results of Streetunit (Removal of Water Areas Such as the Yangtze River and Shahu)
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图 5 不同单元区域内手机通话密度时序变化图
Figure 5. Temporal Variation Diagram of Mobile Phone Call Density in Different Areas
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图 8 武汉市总体规划土地利用图(2010-2020年)
Figure 8. Wuhan City Master Plan Land Use Map (2010-2020)
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图 9 各类别典型单元通话密度时序变化特征
Figure 9. Temporal Characteristics of Mobile Phone Call Density in Typical Units of Different Classes
表 1 手机基站数据记录信息表
Table 1 Records of Mobile Base Stations
用户身份标识号 记录时间 区域码(LAC) 基站编码(CID) 00000001 20**-**-**T15：39：14-000000 712D 0E1E 00000002 20**-**-**T15：22：41-000000 708B 63D1 00000004 20**-**-**T16：46：44-000000 703D 4598 
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表 2 基站信息表
Table 2 Base Station Information
基站识别号 经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 286****852 114.404 9 30.406 45 291****537 114.163 0 30.476 21 287****065 114.421 8 30.422 47
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表 3 聚类结果与总体规划土地利用对比表
Table 3 Comparison of Clustering Results and Master Plan Land Use
用地类型 C0 C1 C2 精度 居住用地 649 233 408 0.503 行政办公用地 4 22 14 0.550 商业金融用地 45 122 131 0.439 文化娱乐用地 12 11 11 0.353 体育用地 15 0 8 0.652 医疗卫生用地 3 5 4 0.417 教育科研用地 22 18 67 0.626 市场用地 8 18 10 0.500 工业用地 86 112 22 0.509 仓储用地 8 2 0 0.800 对外交通用地 5 4 2 0.455 市政设施用地 11 0 2 0.846 绿地 150 89 57 0.507 特殊用地 0 1 1
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