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摘要: 随着人工智能技术的迅猛发展，无人机（unmanned aerial vehicle，UAV）的发展在21世纪将迎来新的爆发。首先从历史发展的角度出发，综述和分析了无人机控制系统发展的各个阶段的特点；其次，着重分析无人机和无人机系统对人工智能技术的需求；最后，探讨了无人机系统对未来的潜在影响和适用性。Abstract: An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is reusable, consisting of power system and unmanned autopilot controller; while a Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is a system controlled manually, automatically or independently to perform different kinds of tasks This article summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of UAV and UAS in different historical stages; secondly, this article emphasizes UAV and UAS requirements for Artificial Intelligence technologies; finally, this article discusses potential influences on UAS. A UAS usually consists of UAV platforms, payloads for tasks, datalink devices, information processing devices, and integrated support equipment. Research on UAS and UAV started from the beginning of the 20th century, and with the development of electronics, mechanics, material science, and computer science; UAS has rapidly developed over the last century, especially the latest thirty or forty years. With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence over the first 20 years of the 21st century ushered in a new stage of UAS and UAV development.
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Keywords:
- UAV /
- artifical intelligence /
- technology requirements /
- vista for future
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图 1 基于遗传算法的全局航行路径规划方法原理图
Figure 1. Path Planning Method of Global Navigation Based on Genetic Algorithm
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图 2 基于人工神经网络的目标识别概念图
Figure 2. Concept Map of Target Recognition Based on Artificial Neural Network
表 1 无人机自主控制能力等级划分[1]
Table 1 Classification of UVA Autonomous Control Ability
等级 名称 描述 1 遥控驾驶 无人机的各种行为完全依靠人的操作。 2 实时故障诊断 无人机可以完成预编程任务，并能实时反馈无人机工作状态。 3 适应故障和飞行条件 无人机具备一定的冗余能力，适应一部分故障和外界环境变化，能完成既定任务。 4 机上航线重规划 无人机在飞行过程中能对地面威胁做出反应，重新规划航线以躲避威胁，仍能够完成既定任务，具备一定的智能。 5 多机协调 多架无人机在执行任务过程中，可以根据各机的情况和任务，进行协商和最优任务分解。 6 多机战术重规划 具备多机应对突然威胁目标的功能，并对该目标和已有威胁进行排序，进行任务分配，并与其他系统分享态势信息。 7 多机战术目标 在执行任务的多架无人机中有一架核心无人机负责战术任务分配。 8 分布式控制 多架无人机中没有核心，采用分布式架构，并且有多个多无人机团队在执行任务。 9 多机战略目标 多架无人机在几乎没有人的帮助下完成战略目标，但需要有人类的监督。 10 全自主蜂群 人类对无人机的工作几乎不作指导，但仍然拥有最高权限。 
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