Abstract: In this paper, GIS spatial analysis technologies, the minimum cumulative resistance model and CLUE-S model were applied to optimize the land use structure and the allocation in the Shiyang River Basin. Ecological security patterns were constructed to maintain the basic ecosystem services of Shiyang River Basin based on the theory of landscape security patterns and land use data collected in 1986, 2000, and 2014. Moreover, we set the land use change and spatial optimization allocation of the basin for the year 2030 under three development modes by MCR model and CLUE-S model, and then predicted the land use distribution under an ecological security pattern scenario, a farmland protection scenario, and a free development scenario. The results showed that the farmland decreased but woodland, grassland, and water body increased under an ecological security pattern scenario. Land use exploitation and renovation and homestead consolidation were the main objectives. The urban and residential landuse were controlled scientifically and effectively under a farmland protection scenario. In a free development scenario, the current free development situation and the government macro policy guidance were comprehensively considered and the quantity and spatial development were also taken into consideration. Comprehensive consideration of sustainable development in Shiyang river basin from the perspective of social, economic, ecological development, and farmland protection suggests that the free development scenario is relatively reasonable, and the other two scenarios can be a supplement for regional land optimal allocation.