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摘要: 为使人员疏散离散模型更好描述行人微观特性，提出一种改进元胞自动机的人员疏散模型。在传统模型基础上，将空间划分为更细小网格，令单个行人占据多个网格以便展现行人间微观行为。引入社会力模型中自身驱动力、排斥力、摩擦力的运算规则改进模型，以模拟行人间碰撞现象。通过建立行人出口选择机制并改进移动规则，真实模拟行人动态出口选择过程。疏散过程中考虑了速度因素，能更加具体展现行人不同的移动方式。模拟结果显示，改进的模型能够真实地反映人员疏散的具体过程。Abstract: A new evacuation model is proposed for simulating pedestrian dynamics during emergencies. Based on the traditional cellular automata model enhanced with a finer discretization of space, each pedestrian occupies more than one cell and can move more than one cell during each time step. The operational rules of desire repulsive, and friction forces in a social force model are introduced in the proposed model. We establish an exit choosing method and the movement rules, and observe pedestrian movements to new destinations. Velocity is considered when describing dynamic processes of pedestrian behaviors during an evacuation. The characteristics of pedestrian evacuations are analysed in simulations and. The results show that the proposed model is valid for simulating pedestrian evacuation.
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Keywords:
- cellular automata /
- evacuation model /
- social force model /
- analog simulation
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图 1 φ值与疏散行人目标方向关系图
Figure 1. Diagram of Relation Between φ and Pedestrian Target Direction
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图 6 疏散初始阶段人员疏散对比图
Figure 6. Comparison of Pedestrian Distribution at the Beginning of Evacuation Process
表 1 三种模型的比较
Table 1 Comparison Among Three Models
模型 现象 运行时间/s 社会力模型 碰撞挤压，行人速度变化，弓形结构，出口总效用低。 496 经典元胞自动机模型 拥挤，行人运动速度一致，出口总效用低。 20 本文模型 碰撞挤压，行人速度变化，弓形结构，出口总效用高。 22 
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