RTK/INS紧组合算法在卫星数不足情况下的性能分析

Performance Analysis of Tightly Coupled RTK/INS Algorithm in Case of Insufficient Number of Satellites

  • 摘要: 设计了一套基于集中式卡尔曼滤波的实时动态定位(real-time kinematic,RTK)/惯性导航系统(inertial navigation system,INS)紧组合算法,通过实测车载数据对比分析了3颗可用卫星时的固定解和浮点解在位置漂移误差水平和模糊度恢复时间上的差异,验证了该算法在卫星较少情况下的良好性能。该算法在即使观测卫星不足4颗时使用固定解或浮点解进行滤波更新,提高了组合导航在复杂环境下的位置精度,并加快了模糊度恢复过程。实验结果表明,使用中等精度的惯导,在可见卫星数为3颗时,失锁30 s时的水平位置漂移误差为0.3 m;失锁60 s内,平均1~2 s就能可靠地恢复整周模糊度。在位置漂移误差与模糊度恢复方面,固定解和浮点解在GNSS信号短期部分失锁时的差异并不显著,但同时都明显优于信号完全失锁情形。

     

    Abstract: Tightly-coupled GNSS/INS integration has been shown to provide better performance than loosely-coupled approach in GNSS degraded environments. However, it is difficult to achieve reliable ambiguity resolution (AR) when the number of satellites is below four. In this case, ambiguity search in the ambiguity domain is not possible, which means other AR method should be considered. Also, it is likely to wrongly fix the ambiguities, which will lead to biased state estimate or even filter divergence. In this paper, a tightly-coupled RTK/INS algorithm based on centralized Kalman Filter (KF) is implemented, in which ambiguity parameters are augmented into the state vector. Ambiguity-fixed or -float carrier phase observables can be used to update the filter even if the number of satellites is less than four, and this improves the accuracy of the integrated system in complex environments. A field vehicular test was conducted to evaluate the performance of the tightly-coupled algorithm in terms of the position drift error during GNSS signal outages and ambiguity recovery time after outages. Test results indicate that by utilizing tactical-grade inertial measurement units (IMUs), the horizontal position drift error is about 0.3m during 30-second partial outage and the average time for reliable ambiguity recovery is 1 to 2 seconds when the number of satellites in view is three. Besides, the performance of float solution is only slightly worse than the fixed solution for shout-time (e.g. 60 seconds) partial outages, but both of them are much better than the case of full GNSS outages.

     

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