基于社交媒体的突发事件应急信息挖掘与分析

The Mining and Analysis of Emergency Information in Sudden Events Based on Social Media

  • 摘要: 社交媒体越来越多地被看作是随人们移动的传感器,感知周围发生的事件。当突发事件发生时,大量含有位置信息的文字迅速地充斥整个社交网络。本文探讨突发事件应急信息挖掘与分析的一种新思路。基于社交媒体,建立实时应急主题分类模型,从大量、实时的文本流中快速提取、定位应急信息;针对不同主题,利用统计分析和空间分析方法,探寻突发事件的时间趋势和空间分布,为应急响应提供决策支持。

     

    Abstract: Social media has played an important role in disaster emergency responses, which is increasingly being regarded as mobile sensors, perceiving events near human beings.When an emergency occurs, a large number of images and texts with geographic information quickly flood the social network. This paper presents a new method of mining and analysis of emergency information with a case study to analyze the Sina-Weibo text streams during and after the 2012 ‘Beijing Rainstorm’. The topic classification model of real-time emergency information is built, and the emergency information from real-time text stream are identified and located. Decomposition of seasonal components from the time series data is applied to explore the trend of the number of Sina-Weibo texts related to the ‘Beijing rainstorm’. According to different topics,using statistical and spatial analysis, a possible spatial structure for distributing resources in response to emergencies is indicated. The study can help to understand how the emergency events are evolved and what are impacted by the events, which will benefit decision-makers by allowing timely decisions emergencies for effective mitigation efforts and better allocation of resources.

     

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