Three-Dimensional Deformation Field of Ali Earthquake from InSAR Observations and Earthquake Rupture Model
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摘要: 利用环境卫星（Environmental Satellite，Envisat）的升、降轨数据在地震破裂模型约束下获取2007年阿里地震的高质量同震地表三维形变场。首先，对合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar，SAR）影像进行差分干涉处理，得到地震造成的视线向同震地表形变场；然后，以地震破裂模型为约束条件，采用赫尔默特方差分量估计法来解算阿里地震的高质量地表三维同震形变场。结果表明，震中区域最大下沉达约4.7 cm，东西向位移较小，南北向呈挤压趋势。总体上，三维形变的特征表明阿里地震是一个以正倾滑为主兼少量右旋走滑运动的地震事件。Abstract: In this study, we construct high-quality three-dimensional coseismic surface deformation field of the 2007 Ali earthquake using ascending and descending SAR data acquired from Envisat sate-llite with constraint of earthquake rupture model. Firstly, we use two-pass differential interferometry to generate line-of-sight coseismic surface deformation field of the earthquake from two pairs of SAR images. Then, with constraint of three components of displacement derived from the earthquake rupture model, we obtain the high-quality three-dimensional coseismic surface deformation field using Helmert variance component estimation method. The results show that the subsidence caused by the event is about 4.7 cm in the epicenter, where east-west displacement is small and the epicentral area is under north-south compression. We also calculate quasi east-west and quasi north-south displacements only with InSAR observations, whose patterns of deformation distribution are consistent with the results constrained by USGS earthquake rupture model. Finally, the characteristics of the three-dimensional deformation field indicate that the event is dominated by normal motion with slightly right-lateral strike-slip component.
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图 1 2007年阿里地震的同震地表形变场
Figure 1. Coseismic Interferograms Associated with the 2007 Ali Earthquake
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图 2 InSAR观测值与地表形变的关系示意图[16]
Figure 2. Diagram of InSAR Observation and Surface Deformation
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图 3 阿里地震三维地表形变场及其精度水平
Figure 3. Three-Dimensional Surface Deformation Associated with Ali Earthquake and Their Precisions
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图 4 阿里地震地表三维形变场剖面图
Figure 4. Profiles of Three-Dimensional Surface Deformation of Ali Earthquake
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图 5 基于升、降轨观测得到地表近似形变
Figure 5. Surface Displacement Derived from Envisat Ascending and Descending Tracks
表 1 研究中使用的Envisat卫星数据的基本信息
Table 1 Details of Envisat Satellite Images Used in this Study
干涉像对 轨道 主影像 从影像 垂直基线/m 时间基线/d 中误差/mm 衰减距离/km 第1组 T155A 2007-04-13 2007-06-22 365 70 3.8 2.3 第2组 T205D 2007-02-06 2007-07-31 94 206 4.3 2.6 
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