Periodic Oscillation Analysis of GPS Water Vapor Time Series Using Combined Algorithm Based on EMD and WD
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摘要: 水汽在全球水文和气候变化上扮演着非常重要的角色。选取了中国台湾GPS水汽时间序列作为算例数据，分析了水汽与地理环境的对应关系，得到中国台湾地区的大气水汽分布主要受纬度，地形特征和气候条件控制的结论。利用经验模态分解（EMD）和小波分解（WD）联合算法将中国台湾GPS站水汽的长时间序列和短时间序列进行分解，探测出每个GPS站都存在周年、半周年、天、半天的周期振荡，再结合地理、气候因素分析周期振荡产生的物理原因，得出结论：年周期的水汽振荡主要是由于在中国台湾特殊地形条件下年季风周期变化引起的；半周年的振荡主要是由于夏季风与冬季风对中国台湾地区的交替控制所导致的；而导致水汽日变化的原因则是海陆风环流、海陆风-山谷风叠加环流；天顶可降水量（PWV）半日振荡的振幅较小，则主要是因为受到了太阳辐射加热引起的局地热对流的影响所导致。Abstract: Water vapor plays a key role in the global hydrologic cycle and the climate change. In order to investigate the spatial and the temporal characteristic of the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), the data of Global Positioning System (GPS) stations at Taiwan were chosen to analyze. The water vapor time values were calculated by Software Bernese 5.0 for 100 GPS stations from year 2006 to year 2013, and the sample interval is one hour. By analyzing the corresponding relation between the tropospheric water vapor and the geographical environment, the conclusion that the water vapor depending upon the latitude, the topography and the climatic conditions was made. Then, the long and the short time series of GPS water vapor for Taiwan were decomposed by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Wavelet Decomposition (WD). The result shows that there were annual, semiannual, diurnal, and semidiurnal periodic oscillation graph in each water vapor series for GPS stations at Taiwan. Combining with geographical climate factors to analyze the physical reasons of these oscillation periods, conclusions could be found as follows. The annual monsoon changes impact the annual cycle of the water vapor series. The semiannual oscillation is mainly due to the alternated control of Taiwan between summer monsoon and winter monsoon. The diurnal cycle of the water vapor series is caused by the sea-land breeze circulation and the mountain-valley wind circulation. The amplitude of semidiurnal cycle in the water vapor series, which is mainly caused by local thermal convection due to the solar radiation, is small.
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致谢: 感谢台湾大气可降水服务网提供的水汽数据和北斗分析中心提供的平台支持。
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图 1 台湾GPS站平均PWV与地理位置、地形、纬度的对应情况
Figure 1. The Average PWV with the Interaction of Geographical Location, Topography, Latitude
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图 2 KYIN和SAND站长时间和短时间序列以及相应的EMD-IMF
Figure 2. The Long and Short Time Series and the Corresponding EMD-IMF of KYIN and SAND
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图 3 KYIN站和SAND站长时间序列和短时间序列小波分解结果
Figure 3. The Long and Short Time Series and the Corresponding the WD-IMF of KYIN and SAND
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