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摘要: 地理国情普查和监测是国情研究的重要组成部分，包括自然地理国情、人文地理国情、经济地理国情的普查和监测等内容。总结中国第一次中国地理国情普查和重点专题国情监测的成果，提出了地理国情普查和监测新需求，并重点探讨了地理国情的内容创新、技术创新和成果表达创新。建议在国情内容中增加地面沉降和形变、地表透水性、人文和社会经济信息；在技术创新方面，提出自然地理国情监测要充分利用基础测绘成果，通过行业共享和转换获得人文地理和社会经济地理国情，通过众源数据验证各类地理国情的现势性，基于对地观测传感网开展地理国情更新。在地理国情的成果表达方面，提出地理国情的分类需要上升到本体、矢量和栅格数据模型可用于一体化表达国情数据、地理国情普查的统计成果和监测模型要面向用户需求发布通用指数。对地理国情的服务提出展望。Abstract: The census and monitoring of geographical national conditions is an important part of the research concerning national conditions, including economic and human conditions. This paper summarizes the achievement of the first national geographic census and monitoring results pertaining to special topics in geographical national conditions. The innovations on contents, technologies and expression of outcomes are discussed. The authors asrgue that ground subsidence and deformation, impervious surfaces, the humanities and social economic information should be added as new conditions to be monitored. In terms of technological innovation, basic surveying and mapping products must be fully exploited and data on economic and human geographical conditions acquired by sharing and data conversion from different Industries, verified through crowd sourced data processing, and updated based on the earth observation sensors network. The Ontology, integration model in vector and raster could be used to express the geographic conditions, and simple index on National Geographic National Census and statistical results and monitoring data could be released according to the user-oriented demands.
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图 1 11个国家级新区基础年份面积和2015年面积及扩展速率图
Figure 1. Area of Base Year, 2015 and Expansion Rate Diagram of 11 National Level New Districts in China
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图 2 北京市累积地面沉降量的时空演化过程
Figure 2. Temporal and Spatial Evolution Process of Accumulated Land Subsidence in Beijing City
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图 3 中国城市内涝次数和最大积水时间统计
Figure 3. Statistical Results of Water Logging Times and Maximum Ponding Time in Cities, China
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图 4 基于资源三号卫星遥感影像提取的武汉市不透水面分布图
Figure 4. Impervious Surface Distribution of Wuhan Based on ZY-3 Satellite Remote Sensing Images
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图 6 武汉市夜间人口空间分布专题图
Figure 6. Spatial Distribution of Nighttime Population in Wuhan City
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图 8 地理国情普查和监测中的共享本体示例
Figure 8. Examples of Shared Ontology in Census and Monitoring of Geographical National Conditions
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