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摘要: 我国正处在新型城镇化、工业化和信息化的关键时期，城市面临着复杂的经济、社会与生态可持续发展问题。面向城市的地球空间信息学（Geomatics）与互联网、云计算技术持续融合，产生了城市时空大数据，成为了智慧城市的重要战略资源。随着地球空间信息学和信息学、城市科学不断深入交叉融合，城市信息学（Urban Informatics）逐步形成，并正在成为测绘地理信息科学的重要发展方向。城市信息学是以统一的时空基准为框架，以空间信息为载体，以信息技术为支撑，动态采集城市信息并进行处理、分析与服务，支持绿色、低碳、可持续城市发展的交叉学科。本文分析了城市信息的内涵及其与地球空间信息学的相互关系，论述了城市信息学具有动态演变、数据驱动、众源学习、协同决策、学科交叉等典型特征，在此基础上，总结了若干影响学科发展的关键科学问题，最后展望了城市信息学的发展前景。Abstract: In the era of new urbanization, industrialization and informatization, China's cities confront much complex problems on the way to further city with sustainable economy, society and ecology. Now, city applications integrating Geomatics, Internet and cloud computing generates urban big data, which become strategic resources of smart city. With the cross-fusion of Geomatics, Informatics and urban science, Urban Informatics, a new direction of surveying, mapping and geoinformation, is developing. Based on the unified spatial-temporal datum, urban informatics is to capture, process, analyze urban big data, and make smart decision with the help of information technology, aiming to realize the green, low carbon, and sustainable city. This paper discusses the relationship between Geomatics and urban informatics, and five characteristics of urban informatics, including dynamic evolution, data-driven, crowdsourcing learning, collaborating decision, and cross-disciplines. Finally, it summarizes scientific questions and outlook the further of urban informatics.
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Keywords:
- Geomatics /
- Urban Informatics /
- smart city /
- spatial-temporal big data
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致谢: 感谢涂伟博士协助完成初稿，感谢萧世伦教授、史文中教授、邬国锋教授、乐阳副教授、朱家松副教授、张星博士、常晓猛博士、周宝定博士参与讨论。
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表 1 从地理信息到城市信息
Table 1 From Geoinformation to Urban Information
类别 区域 典型内容 特点 地理信息 地球空间 线划图、遥感影像、三维模型、激光点云、街景影像、兴趣点等 位置、形状与分布 时空信息 地球空间 气象记录、环境数据、交通数据、手机数据、社交媒体等 动态、多源 城市信息 城市区域 地理信息、时空数据，以及城市经济、社会、环境、情绪、思想数据等 超稀疏、超高维、超泛化 
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